Cyclohexane boils at 81 degree C and toluene boils at 111 degree C. Starting wit

Question

Cyclohexane boils at 81 degree C and toluene boils at 111 degree C. Starting with a 4 ml n=mixture of 2 ml of each you perform a simple distillation. You also perform a fractional distillation with another equivalent 4 ml mixture. If you distilled 2 ml in both cases then what is the principle component of the 2 ml of distillate? Explain how the graph below shows that simple distillation will give 2 ml of less pure distillate? From the fractional distillation curve in the graph, at what approximate volume should you stop distilling in order to get the maximum amount of extremely pure distillate?

Explanation / Answer

(a). The principle component of the 2 ml distillate will be Cyclohexane because upto 2 ml volume ost of the component vaporizes will be cyclohexane. The toluene vaporize at higher temperature.

(b). In simple distillation maximum temperature reached is less than 110 oC. Therefore, only cyclohexane will vaporize in simple distillation and hence we get 2 ml of only less pure distillate.

(c). From fractional distillation curve, at 3 ml volume you should stop distilling in order to get the maximum amount of extremely pure distillate.

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