The reaction below is spontaneous but has a negative value for delta S. a. What

Question

The reaction below is spontaneous but has a negative value for delta S. a. What is the second law of thermodynamics? b. It might appear that there is an inconsistency with the above reaction and the second law, but there is not. Explain! 5.(10 points) What is the difference between deltaG and deltaG'? a. When a system is at equilibrium is deltaG positive, negative or zero? Explain b. For the reaction: Reactants Products; When delta G is a positive number, is the reaction considered spontaneous or nonspontaneous? What does this imply about K for the reaction? Be specific about your answer with respect to K.

Explanation / Answer

4)

a)

Second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe always increses (S universe)

b)

There is no inconsistency

Since you m ay have:

Suniverse = Ssystem + Ssurrounding

If you have Ssystem < 0

Then Ssurrodungins must be way larger and positive than Ssystem so Suniverse is also positive

5)

a)

dG ---> change of energy gibbs at given conditions (P and T of process)

dGª --> change of energy gibbs at standrard conditions ( P = 1 atm and T = 298K)

b)

dG = 0 in equilibrium, by definition (both states ahve the same "free energy"

c)

If dG is positive, then the reaciton favours reactants ( reverse process), therefore NONSPONTANEOUS

It implies that K < 1, that is, the denominator is larger, concnetration of reactants

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