1-1 What are the goals of psychology? 1-2 The main point of psychodynamic perspe
ID: 91018 • Letter: 1
Question
1-1 What are the goals of psychology? 1-2 The main point of psychodynamic perspective. 1-3 The maslow’s hierarch of needs 1-4 Demonstrate the explanation of aggression by psychodynamic, behaviorist and humanistic psychologist. 2-1 The principles of perception? 2-2 Describe the deductive and inductive reasoning. 2-3 Definition of motivation 3-1 The formula of IQ calculation in Stanford–Binet Intelligence test. 3-2 Deifnition of project test? 3-3 What is clinical interview? Describe the elements and benefits of clinical interview. 3-4 Demonstrate the techniques of clinical interview. 4-1 what is the difference between emotion and mood? 4-2 According to Cannon and Taylor’ theories, please state the emergency reactions to acute threats. 4-3 The three stage of GAS. 4-4 How to cope with the stress? Please describe the two strategies. 4-5 Please describe a model of stress.
Explanation / Answer
1-1. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. The first goal of psychology is to describe behavior. description involves naming and classifying behavior. The second goal of psychology is to explain the behavior or phenomenon that was described. Psychologists who are concerned about this goal try to find out why such behavior occur. The third goal for psychologists is to forecast future event. By carefully analyzing thye relationship between different variables, psychologists can accurately predict what will be the relation in future between them. The fourth goal of psychology is to control, modify or change the existing behavior.
1-2. Psychodynamics is an evolving multidisciplinary field that analyzes and studies human thought processes, response patterns, and influences. Research in this fiekd enabkes understanding and anticipating the range of conscious and unconscious responses to specific sensory inputs, such as images, colors etc. The psychodynamic perspective focuses on the dynamic relations between the conscious and unconscious mind and explores how these psychological forces might relate to early childhood.
1-3. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier model of human needs. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behaviour. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.
1-4. Humanists and psychodynamicists differ in their goals, as well in their views on personality as well. The psychodynamic view is more negative and pessimistic, whereas the humanistic view is thar all people are good.
Psychodynamics believes that behavior is determined, while the humanist believes that behavior is free choice and free will. In psychodynamics, motives are rooted in sex and aggression while humanists' motives are tilted towards the pursuit of self-actualization. Psychodynamics denotes three elements of the personality: Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id seeks pleasure, the Ego is the thinker and planner, and the Superego is the voice of reason. Humanists are more simplistic, believing in a unified self and that "people just are who they are." The main differences between the psychodynamic view and humanistic view are the goals, development, causes, and treatments; and in each area, both views have made significant contributions. By combining the two views into one harmonious holistic view, a healthier approach to treating the mind and psychological disorders could be formed.
2-1. Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. The Gestalt principles of grouping include four types: similarity, proximity, continuity, and closure. Similarity refers to our tendency to group things together based upon how similar to each other they are.
Proximity is related to closeness of the objects. Continuity refers to our tendency to see patterns and therefore perceive things as belonging together if they form some type of continuous pattern. Closure is our tendency to complete familiar objects that have gaps in them. Even at first glance, we perceive a circle and a square.
2-2. The term "inductive reasoning" refers to reasoning that takes specific information and makes a broader generalization that is considered probable, allowing for the fact that the conclusion may not be accurate. Deductive reasoning is the fundamental form of valid reasoning, wherein the premises give guarantee of the truth of conjecture.
Inductive reasoning alludes to the logical process, in which specific instances or situations are observed or analysed to establish general principles. Whereas Deductive logic is based on the fundamental law of reasoning, i.e. if X then Y. It implies the direct application of available information or facts, to come up with new information or facts. In this, the researcher takes into account a theory and generates a hypothesis, which can be tested, after that the observation are recorded, which leads to particular data, which is nothing but the confirmation of validity.
2-3. Motivation is defined as the desire and action towards goal-directed behavior. This is an important concept in psychology as well as in business, schools, and other areas. Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic.Intrinsic Motivation- A person is intrinsically motivated if the desire for change comes from within the individual. The person may want to learn something because he or she is interested. Another person may want to accomplish a goal or task because it is something he or she feels competent at and enjoys doing. Extrinsic- On the other hand, extrinsic motivation comes from outside the person. They are bribed to do something or they earn a prize or reward. Paychecks are extrinsic motivators. Fear of punishment and coercion are also extrinsic motivators.
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