What are the correct answers to the parts of this quiz marked incorrect? (that i
ID: 91134 • Letter: W
Question
What are the correct answers to the parts of this quiz marked incorrect? (that is my one question. Please take your time. I value accuracy over speed. )
IncorrectQuestion 2
0 / 1 pts
Studies done by Buchner showed that ground-up yeast cells were able to convert sugar to alcohol. The components of the mixture that were responsible for this transformation were
DNA molecules.
enzymes.
lipids.
carbohydrates.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.01
Section: 06.01
Topic: History of Microbiology
IncorrectQuestion 3
0 / 1 pts
Bacteria that can absorb light energy and convert it into ATP are commonly called
cytochromes.
lysosomes.
chemotrophs.
phototrophs.
cytochromes AND chemotrophs.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02
Section: 06.01
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 4
0 / 1 pts
The readily usable energy currency of cells is
electricity.
the electron transport system.
ATP.
CTP.
the electron transport system AND CTP.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.02
Section: 06.01
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 5
0 / 1 pts
NAD in its reduced form is symbolized as
NADH.
NAD.
NAD-.
NADP.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.03
Section: 06.01
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 6
0 / 1 pts
The most common starting pathway for the breakdown of sugars is
respiration.
fermentation.
glycolysis.
oxidation.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.04
Section: 06.01
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 7
0 / 1 pts
Which of the following processes generates the greatest amount of energy?
fermentation
aerobic respiration
the Entner-Duodoroff pathway
glycolysis
fermentation AND the Entner-Duodoroff pathway
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.05
Section: 06.01
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 8
0 / 1 pts
Fermentation
uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
results in the production of a large amount of ATP.
is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers.
uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor AND is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.05
Section: 06.01
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 9
0 / 1 pts
The use of the suffix "ase" on a word denotes a(n)
substrate.
product.
enzyme.
electron acceptor.
substrate AND electron acceptor.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.06
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 10
0 / 1 pts
Enzymes speed up reactions by
raising activation energy.
producing heat.
reducing entropy.
lowering activation energy.
raising activation energy AND reducing entropy.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.06
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 11
0 / 1 pts
Most enzymes
are generalists and typically recognize a number of different substrates.
are specialists and typically recognize a single substrate.
are active over a wide pH range.
have several active sites.
are generalists and typically recognize a number of different substrates AND have several active sites.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.06
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 12
0 / 1 pts
Allosteric enzymes
may bind two substrates.
are used to bind to other enzymes.
have an additional binding site that is involved in regulating enzyme activity.
are twice as fast as single site enzymes.
may bind two substrates AND are twice as fast as single site enzymes.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.09
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
Question 13
1 / 1 pts
Feedback inhibition
is a means of regulating the amount of product produced.
often involves the use of allosteric enzymes.
involves inhibiting the last of a series of reactions.
results in raising the activation energy for the reaction.
is a means of regulating the amount of product produced AND often involves the use of allosteric enzymes.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.10
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 14
0 / 1 pts
Coenzymes are derivatives of
minerals.
proteins.
lipids.
vitamins.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.07
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
Environmental factors that may affect enzyme activity include
temperature
pH
salt
age
temperature, pH AND salt
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.08
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
Question 16
1 / 1 pts
Most enzymes function best at
acidic pH and high salt concentrations.
basic pH and low salt concentrations.
neutral pH and high salt concentrations.
slightly above pH 7 and low salt concentrations.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.08
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
Mercury in mercurochrome inhibits growth
through competitive inhibition.
through a reversible action.
by oxidizing the sulfhydryl groups in cysteine.
by changing the shape of proteins.
by oxidizing the sulfhydryl groups in cysteine AND by changing the shape of proteins.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 06.10
Section: 06.02
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 18
0 / 1 pts
The term precursor metabolite refers to molecules that
activate cell components.
are used in biosynthesis.
result from cell activities.
are present but inactive.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.11
Section: 06.03
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 19
0 / 1 pts
Glycolysis
requires oxygen.
produces 3 ATP molecules.
produces 4 molecules of NAD.
may occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
produces 3 ATP molecules AND produces 4 molecules of NAD.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.12
Section: 06.03
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 20
0 / 1 pts
The transition step
links glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway.
links the pentose phosphate pathway to the Entner-Duodoroff pathway.
links glycolysis to the TCA cycle.
takes place in the matrix of the nucleus.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.11
Section: 06.03
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
Question 21
1 / 1 pts
The TCA cycle produces
ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.
NADH.
FADH2.
precursor metabolites.
All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 06.12
Section: 06.03
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
Question 22
1 / 1 pts
The electron transport system
requires a membrane.
utilizes the nuclear membrane of eukaryotes.
utilizes the mitochondrial membrane of prokaryotes.
generates a concentration gradient of protons.
requires a membrane AND generates a concentration gradient of protons.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.13
Section: 06.04
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
IncorrectQuestion 23
0 / 1 pts
Which type of phosphorylation does not require a membrane?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation
All types of phosphorylation require a membrane.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 06.13
Section: 06.04
Topic: Microbial Metabolism
Question 24
1 / 1 pts
Which pairing is incorrect?
A:T
G:C
A:U
A:G
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 07.01
Section: 07.01
Topic: Genetics
Question 25
1 / 1 pts
RNA is characterized by which one of the following features?
Deoxyribose.
Thymine.
Ribose.
Double-stranded.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01
Section: 07.01
Topic: Genetics
Question 26
1 / 1 pts
DNA is characterized by which of the following feature(s)?
Ribose.
Single-stranded.
Deoxyribose.
Thymine.
Deoxyribose AND thymine.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.01
Section: 07.01
Topic: Genetics
Question 27
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is/are true of DNA replication?
It starts at the origin of replication.
Nucleotides are added to the 3' end.
It requires an RNA primer to get started.
It utilizes polymerases.
All of the choices are true.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.03
Section: 07.02
Topic: Genetics
Question 28
1 / 1 pts
Which is true about the RNA transcript?
It is formed using the DNA minus strand as a template.
It has the same 5'-3' orientation as the DNA positive strand.
It is made in short fragments that are then stitched together.
The template starts at the promoter region.
It is formed using the DNA minus strand as a template, it has the same 5'-3' orientation as the DNA positive strand AND the template starts at the promoter region.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.04
Section: 07.03
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 29
0 / 1 pts
How many nucleotides are in a codon?
1
2
3
4
5
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.05
Section: 07.03
Topic: Genetics
Question 30
1 / 1 pts
Which may be or is an RNA molecule?
AGCCTAC
GGGCCCA
GCCCUUA
AGCCTAC AND GGGCCCA
GGGCCCA AND GCCCUUA
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.01
Section: 07.01
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 31
0 / 1 pts
Which molecule carries an anticodon?
DNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.05
Section: 07.03
Topic: Genetics
Question 32
1 / 1 pts
AUG
is only used as the start codon.
codes for methionine.
determines the reading frame.
is one of the stop codons.
codes for methionine AND determines the reading frame.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05
Section: 07.03
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 33
0 / 1 pts
The A-site
is found on the RNA polymerase enzyme.
is found on the 30S ribosome.
is found on the 70S ribosome.
is the amino acid site.
is found on the 70S ribosome AND is the amino acid site.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.05
Section: 07.03
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 34
0 / 1 pts
A stop codon
codes for the stop amino acid s-methyl-methionine.
forms a hairpin loop forcing the ribosome to fall off.
codes for no amino acid.
enhances the binding of the e-polymerase.
codes for the stop amino acid s-methyl-methionine AND forms a hairpin loop forcing the ribosome to fall off.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.05
Section: 07.03
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 35
0 / 1 pts
Some segments of the precursor mRNA in eukaryotes are non-coding and are called
exons.
introns.
integrans.
uselessans.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.06
Section: 07.04
Topic: Genetics
Question 36
1 / 1 pts
Gene regulation may entail
turning on genes only when needed.
turning off genes when not needed.
turning on or off entire groups of genes.
All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.09
Section: 07.06
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 37
0 / 1 pts
The set of genes in bacteria that are linked together and transcribed as a single unit is referred to as a(n)
operon.
regulon.
operator.
repressor.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.09
Section: 07.06
Topic: Genetics
Question 38
1 / 1 pts
The molecules that bind to a repressor and cause it to no longer bind to the operator are called
activators.
repressors.
introns.
inducers.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.09
Section: 07.06
Topic: Genetics
Question 39
1 / 1 pts
Repressors
are involved in negative control.
are involved in positive control.
always bind to the promoter.
bind or do not bind to the operator depending on their shape (conformation).
are involved in negative control AND bind or do not bind to the operator depending on their shape (conformation).
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.09
Section: 07.06
Topic: Genetics
Question 40
1 / 1 pts
Activators
are involved in negative control.
are involved in positive control.
always bind to the promoter.
are allosteric proteins.
are involved in positive control AND are allosteric proteins.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.09
Section: 07.06
Topic: Genetics
Question 41
1 / 1 pts
Signal transduction
is the relay of information about conditions outside a cell to inside the cell.
often relies on a two component system.
may involve phosphorylation of various molecules.
is used by certain pathogens to sense low magnesium conditions.
All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.07
Section: 07.05
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 42
0 / 1 pts
Quorum sensing
is used by bacteria to sense the density of cells.
is used by bacteria to sense the proximity of eukaryotic cells
is used by bacteria to limit the density of cells.
is used by eukaryotes to sense the presence of bacteria.
does not influence the expression of genes by a bacteria.
Quorum sensingBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 07.07Section: 07.05Topic: Genetics
Question 43
1 / 1 pts
In DNA sequence analysis
the + strand of DNA is used.
the start codon is ATG.
ORFs are searched for.
codon usage is a helpful indicator for protein coding areas.
All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.12
Section: 07.08
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 44
0 / 1 pts
DNA replication is usually unidirectional.
True
False
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.03
Section: 07.02
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 45
0 / 1 pts
There are 4 functional types of RNA.
True
False
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.04
Section: 07.03
Topic: Genetics
Question 46
1 / 1 pts
Antisense RNA is the complement of the plus strand and may be useful in inhibiting translation.
True
False
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.11
Section: 07.07
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 47
0 / 1 pts
A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase ______ be a good antibiotic because _______.
would; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis
would NOT; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis, even our own cell's DNA synthesis
would; it would selectively inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis due to differences between bacterial/human gyrase
would NOT; the DNA replication machinery could still function, even with impaired DNA gyrase enzyme
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 07.03
Section: 07.02
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 48
0 / 1 pts
The regulatory protein
binds to the promoter region of DNA.
may inhibit or enhance transcription.
may control translation of the operon.
affects the activity of the DNA polymerase.
binds to the promoter region of DNA AND affects the activity of the DNA polymerase.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.09
Section: 07.06
Topic: Genetics
Question 49
1 / 1 pts
The source of variation among microorganisms that were once identical is
antibiotic resistance.
virulence factors.
sigma factors.
mutation.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 08.02
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics
Question 50
1 / 1 pts
The characteristics displayed by an organism in any given environment is its
genotype.
archaetype.
mutatotype.
phenotype.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.01
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics
Question 51
1 / 1 pts
Transposons
are informally known as jumping genes.
may cause insertion mutations.
may cause knockout mutations.
were first recognized in plants.
All of the choices are correct.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.05
Section: 08.02
Topic: Genetics
Question 52
1 / 1 pts
The largest group of chemical mutagens consists of
radiation.
base analogs.
nitrous acid.
alkylating agents.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 08.06
Section: 08.03
Topic: Genetics
Question 53
1 / 1 pts
Nitrous acid most frequently causes mutations by
substituting oxygen for hydrogen bonds.
converting keto groups to amino groups.
altering the bonding ratios of nitrogen bases.
converting cytosine to uracil.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.06
Section: 08.03
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 54
0 / 1 pts
Chemical mutagens that mimic the naturally occurring bases are called
nitrogen mustards.
alkylating agents.
base analogs.
nitrous oxide.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 08.06
Section: 08.03
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 55
0 / 1 pts
Irradiation of cells with ultraviolet light may cause
4 nucleotides to covalently bind together.
thymine dimers.
adenine complementary base pairing with cytosine.
the addition of uracil.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.08
Section: 08.03
Topic: Genetics
Question 56
1 / 1 pts
Thymine dimers are dealt with by
no repair mechanisms.
photoreactivation repair.
SOS repair.
excision repair.
photoreactivation repair AND excision repair.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.11
Section: 08.04
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 57
0 / 1 pts
X-rays
have no effect on DNA.
cause thymine trimers.
cause single and double strand breaks in DNA molecules.
make the DNA radioactive.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 08.08
Section: 08.03
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 58
0 / 1 pts
DNA repair mechanisms occur
only in prokaryotes.
only in eukaryotes.
in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
in neither eukaryotes or prokaryotes.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 08.09
Section: 08.04
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 59
0 / 1 pts
Antibiotics
cause mutations to occur.
may act as alkylating mutagens.
provide an environment in which pre-existing mutants survive.
increase the rate of spontaneous mutation.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.12
Section: 08.05
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 60
0 / 1 pts
Prokaryotic cell mutations can be observed very quickly because the prokaryotic chromosome is
diploid.
polyploid.
haploid.
polysomal.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.02
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics
Question 61
1 / 1 pts
The diploid character of eukaryotic cells may mask the appearance of a mutation since
this may be a frame shift.
the mutation is often reversible.
the mutation may be palindromic.
the matching chromosome may carry the dominant gene.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.02
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 62
0 / 1 pts
A clever technique that streamlines the identification of auxotrophic mutants is
gas chromatography.
replica plating.
direct selection.
reversion.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.12
Section: 08.05
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 63
0 / 1 pts
To increase the proportion of mutants in a population of bacteria one may use
direct selection.
replica plating.
penicillin enrichment.
individual transfer.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.12
Section: 08.05
Topic: Genetics
Question 64
1 / 1 pts
Bacteria that have properties of both the donor and recipient cells are the result of
UV light.
SOS repair.
frame shift mutations.
genetic recombination.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.13
Section: 08.06
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 65
0 / 1 pts
The mechanism by which genes are transferred into bacteria via viruses is called
ellipsis.
replica plating.
transformation.
transduction.
conjugation.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 08.14
Section: 08.07
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 66
0 / 1 pts
In conjugation the donor cell is recognized by the presence of
an F plasmid.
a Y chromosome.
diploid chromosomes.
an SOS response.
an F plasmid AND diploid chromosomes.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.15
Section: 08.08
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 67
0 / 1 pts
Gene transfer that requires cell-to-cell contact is
transformation.
competency.
conjugation.
functional genomics.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.15
Section: 08.08
Topic: Genetics
Question 68
1 / 1 pts
The transfer of vancomycin resistance from Enterococcus faecalis to Staphylococcus aureus is thought to have involved
conjugation.
transformation.
transduction.
transposons.
conjugation AND transposons.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.17
Section: 08.09
Topic: Genetics
IncorrectQuestion 69
0 / 1 pts
Double-stranded DNA enters the recipient cell during transformation.
True
False
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.13
Section: 08.06
Topic: Genetics
Question 70
1 / 1 pts
Plasmids often carry the information for antibiotic resistance.
True
False
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 08.16
Section: 08.09
Topic: Genetics
Quiz Score: 31 out of 70
Explanation / Answer
2. Ans: Enzymes. Buchner discovered the complex of enzymes responsible for fermentation.
3. Ans: Phototrophs. They use energy from light to carry out many enzymatic reactions.
4. Ans: ATP
5. Ans: NADH. By losing an electron, NAD gains a proton, thus becoming NADH.
6. Ans: Glycolysis
7. Ans: Aerobic respiration
8. Ans: Uses organic molecule as final electron receptor
9. Ans: Enzymes
10. Ans: Lowering activation energy
11. Ans: Are specialists and typically recognize a single substrate
12. Ans: Have an additional binding site that is involved in regulating enzyme activity
13. Ans: Is a means of regulating the amount of product produced AND often involves the use of allosteric enzymes
14. Ans: Vitamins
15. Ans: Temperature, pH AND salt
16. Ans: Slightly above pH 7 and low salt concentrations
17. Ans: By oxidizing the sulfhydryl groups in cysteine AND by changing the shape of proteins
18. Ans: Are used in biosynthesis
19. Ans: May occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
20. Ans: Links glycolysis to the TCA cycle
21. Ans: All of the choices are correct
22. Ans: Requires a membrane AND generates a concentration gradient of protons
23. Ans: Substrate-level phosphorylation
24, Ans: A:G
25. Ans: Ribose
26. Ans: Deoxyribose
27. Ans: All of the choices are true
28. Ans: It is formed using the DNA minus strand as a template, it has the same 5'-3' orientation as the DNA positive strand AND the template starts at the promoter region
29. Ans: 3
30. Ans: GGGCCCA AND GCCCUUA
31. Ans: tRNA
32. Ans: Codes for methionine AND determines the reading frame
33. Ans: Is found on the 70S ribosome
34. Ans: codes for no amino acid
35. Ans: introns
36. Ans: All of the choices are correct
37. Ans: Operon
38. Ans: Inducers
39. Ans: Are involved in negative control AND bind or do not bind to the operator depending on their shape (conformation)
40. Ans: Are involved in positive control AND are allosteric proteins
41. Ans: All of the choices are correct
42. Ans: Is used by bacteria to limit the density of cells
43. Ans: All of the choices are correct
44. Ans: False
45. Ans: False
46. Ans: True
47. Ans: Would; it would selectively inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis due to differences between bacterial/human gyrase
48. Ans: May inhibit or enhance transcription
49. Ans: Mutation
50. Ans: Phenotype
51. Ans: All of the choices are correct
52. Ans: Alkylating agents
53. Ans: Converting cytosine to uracil
54. Ans: Base analogs
55. Ans: Thymine dimers
56. Ans: Photoreactivation repair AND excision repair
57. Ans: Cause single and double strand breaks in DNA molecules
58. Ans: In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
59. Ans: Provide an environment in which pre-existing mutants survive
60. Ans: Haploid
61. Ans: Matching chromosome may carry the dominant gene
62. Ans: Replica plating
63. Ans: Penicillin enrichment
64. Ans: Genetic recombination
65. Ans: Transduction
66. Ans: F plasmid
67. Ans: Conjugation
68. Ans: Conjugation AND transposons
69. Ans: False
70. Ans: True
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