Chronic inflammation is responsible for many of the debilitating effects of auto

Question

Chronic inflammation is responsible for many of the debilitating effects of auto-immune, and other, diseases. In pathogenic inflammatory diseases, high levels of immune system cells (particularly macrophages, neutrophils, and TH1 cells) migrate from the blood to the tissue over a prolonged period of time. Pretend that you are writing a review article about this. Explain the process of chronic inflammation, how immune cells leave the circulatory system and how directed/stop at the correct location?

Explanation / Answer

Inflammation is a type of immune response to a infection, irritation or injury. The immune cells will reside to the site of infection and blood flow increases and accumulates at the place of injury, and results in reddness of the skin. Chronic inflammation is an serious stage of inflammation, in which the cells f our own body will be destroyed. Neutrophils and macrophages engulf the micro-organisms that attack the cells. The inflammation is an protective phenomenon developed by our body, to recognize ourselves about the infection and injury. But in the case of chronic inflammation, cells will get detroyed beyond the infection. During the process of inflammation, the following events takes place - Blood vessels dilate and blood supply to the affected area is reduced, resulting in the redness of the area. - When the blood vessels are dilated, white blood cells or macrophages will travel through these dilated blood vessels to thes site of infection. - Then the uptake of micro-organisms is done by these cells, and in the process many white cells are destroyed, resulting in the pus. - Protein and water are transported to that place, which cause swelling and the protein contains antibodies, that will react with the microbes. During this process, prostagladins, play an important role in switching on and off of the process. Histamine is responsible for the pain associatedin the inflammatiom, and steriods like aspirin control the pain and inflammation process.

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