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Shown below is a phylogenetic tree for the stickleback fishes, family Gasteroste

ID: 91682 • Letter: S

Question

Shown below is a phylogenetic tree for the stickleback fishes, family Gasterosteidae (modified after Brooks and McLennan, 1991). Several behavioral traits employed in aggressiveinteractionsare mapped onto the tree.

A.

B. Which traits are synapomorphies for the clade you identified the previous question? List them below. Identify at least 1 symplesiomorphy for the same clade. List it below. Be sure to label the traits in your list as synapomorphies or symplesiomorphies.

outgroup Spinachia Apeltes Pungitius Culaea Gasterosteus circle fight dorsal roll monophyletic clade threat head up chase bite flee

Explanation / Answer

B) Synapomorphies are shared derived character states. Symplesiomorphies are shared ancestral character state.

Synapomorphies in the identified clade:

Symplesiomorphies in the identified clade:

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