Circle the intermolecular force(s) that is/are present in each of the following

Question

Circle the intermolecular force(s) that is/are present in each of the following compounds. SiH_4 Ar CH_3Cl CH_3COOH NH_3 For the following pairs of atoms/molecules, circle the species that has the higher boiling point. Ne or Ar Br_2 or N_2 CH_4 or SiH_4 HCl or HI H_2O or H_2S Circle the intermolecular force that accounts most for the difference in the following cases: The boiling point of iodine chloride (ICI) is 97 degreeC and bromine (Br_2) is 59 degree C. The boiling point of ammonia (NH_3) is -33 degree C, while the boiling point of phosphine (PH_3) is -88 degree C. The boiling point of n - pentane is 36 degree C, while the boiling point of neopentane is 9 degree C. The boiling point of toluene (methylbenzene) is 111 degree C, while the boiling point of phenol is 181.7 degree C.

Explanation / Answer

For question 3:

a) SiH4. There's no H bonding because this occurs with electronegative elements and polars like O and N. So the force that is involving here is dipole force.

b) Ar. This is a noble gas, so there's no H bonding and neither dipole force. The only force exerting here would be dispersion, because a noble gas does not react with anything.

c) CH3Cl. Dipole - dipole force, basically becase it's momentum is pointing to the chloride, therefore, there's no dispersion force, only dipoles.

d) and e) H bonding and dipole forces on both of them.

Question 4. According to several sources, the boiling point are as follow:

a) Ne = -246.1 ºC; Ar = -185.8 ºC, therefore, Ar has a higher bp.

b) Br2 = 58.5 ºC; N2 = -195.8 ºC. Therefore bromide has a higher bp.

c) CH4 = 64.7 ºC; SiH4 = -112 ºC. Therefore methane is higher.

d) HCl = 48 ºC; HI = -35 ºC. HCl is higher.

e) H2O = 100 ºC; H2S = -60 ºC. Water is higher.

Finally for question 5.

a) the ICl has a higher dipole force than the dipole force or br, therefore, the energy required to break this force is higher causing to boil at a higher point.

b) N is a most electronegative atom than P, therefore, there would be a stronger hydrogen bonding with N than for P.So the energy required would be higher, that's why the boiling point of NH3 is higher.

c) In this case, the dipole force is affecting this case.

d) the phenol can form H bonding, so, the energy required to break this bond is higher, therefore, a higher boiling point.

Hope this helps.

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