(TCO 2) A boy is pestering his mother for candy in the grocery store, whining fo

Question

(TCO 2) A boy is pestering his mother for candy in the grocery store, whining for 10 minutes and saying things like, "I want candy! Please? Just this once! Oh, come on Mom, please?" His mother ignores him for 10 minutes but finally gives in and says. "Oh all right Here it is. Just stop whining". If the boy engages in more whining in the future, and the mother gives in even more easily, which of the following would apply to the mother? Negative punishment Positive punishment Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement (TCO 2) Which of these best illustrates the principles of social-cognitive theory? Shelby misses her curfew by 1 hour and is grounded by her parents for 1 week, yet she continues to miss curfew. When Marla responds angrily to a request from her daughter Bess, Bess' sister Treva, who observed this response, decides she will wait a day or two before asking for a new stereo. Shea seeks advice from a chat forum on the Internet about her recurring headaches. As a result of the role conflict between her parental responsibilities and her need for personal development, Irina decides to drop out of college for a semester. (TCOs 2 and 3) Which of the following terms describes an individual's unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes contributed by both parents? Phenotype Genotype Karyotype DNA (TCOs 2 and 3) Meko has dark hair and dark eyes, even though his biological mother is fair skinned. Meko's hair and eye color are part of his genotype

Explanation / Answer

7. Negative reinforcement
The negative reinforcement refers to an activity or stimulus which strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response occurring again in future. Here, his mother encourages his whining behavior by providing his desired thing i.e candy.
The positive reinforcement means the process of encouraging a behavior by offering some reward when the behavior is exhibited. Punishment either positive or negative results in the decreased future responses of behavior.

8. When Marla responds angrily to a request from her daughter Bess, Bess' sister Treva, who observed this response, decides she will wait a day or two before asking for a new stereo.
The social-cognitive theory emphasizes on a continuous interaction between behaviors, personal factors, and the environment. Four principles included in this theory are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Treva's behavior illustrates the principle of motivation. The motivation originates by observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions. This motivates to avoid or doing the same thing.
When Treva saw her mother angry, she observed and understands her mother's behavior and decides to ask later.

9. Genotype
DNA is the hereditary or genetic material of an individual. Genotype describes the genetic constitution of an individual. It is created from the genes transmitted from parent to offspring. Phenotype describes the physical appearance of an individual. Karyotype provides information about the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell nuclei of an individual.

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