Please help me. please help me answer question 7 to 11. i have included all and

Question

Please help me.

please help me answer question 7 to 11. i have included all and every procedure and theory from the lab.

* theoretical, based on limiting reage 6. What is a teratogen? For which of the chemicals you will use in this experiment have teratogeni effects been observed in toxicity studies? ...just in case this is not part of your answer to Q4) Which halogen is most reactive in EAS reactions? possibilities for its structure? 7. Which halogen is amat reactive in EAS reactions 7. 8. The exact structure of the active "I" species in this experiment is not known. What are two 9. Why must this experiment be performed at an ice bath temperature? What might the major ct be if the reaction was performed at a higher temperature? Why should you be careful rodu not to leave your reaction flask in the ice bath for more than 10 mi nutes: 10. Why is sodium thiosulfate used in this experiment? 11. This experiment uses absolute ethanol and 95% ethanol. Describe the difference between the two and how each is used.

Explanation / Answer

7. Iodine will be most reaction towards EAS reaction as in the first step, the leaving group I- can better stabilize its -ve charge by delocalization.

8. The two possible structures for "I+" will be, (A) I+ and (b) I3+ species

9. Phenols are very reactive towards the EAS reaction due to the presence of -OH group on benzene ring which acts as an electron donating group by resonance (donates lone pair of electrons of oxygen to the ring and acts as activator). If the iodination reaction is carried out at higher temperature, the product will be polyiodo product instead of desired monoiodo product. Thus to slow down the reaction, it is carried out at low ice bath temperature which ensures monoiodination as the sole product of the reaction. Keeping the reaction in ice bath for longer periods would result in further iodination of the first formed monoiodobenzene.

10. Sodium thiosulfate is used to react with the excess I+ species present in the reaction, that is to quench the active electrophilic reagent and to avoid polyiodination of the monoiodo product formed.

11. Initially absolute ethanol is employed for the iodination reaction to avoid any possible hydrolysis of the substrate and to easily isolate the product from the reaction mixture. Once the crude product is obtained, 95% ethanol is used for recrystallization, since the monoiodo product formed is more soluble at higher temperature in 95% ethanol instead of absolute ethanol. The product crystallizes out of 95% ethanol solution upon cooling at room temperature on standing.

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