1.Define Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration. - 3. What are some processes i

Question

1.Define Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.

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3.    What are some processes in plants that require ATP? Note: Muscle Cells have sliding filaments that contract or relax the muscle. This process of muscle contraction requires ATP

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4.    Why might a muscle cell have lots of mitochondria?

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5.    What are three ways that one can measure the rate of cellular respiration?

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6.    What happens to Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) when it combines with Carbon Dioxide?

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7.    What is a meniscus?

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9.    Why is it important to have a control for an experiment?

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10. How would one ensure that the three vials have an equal volume of contents?

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11. Do you think the dormant dry peas respire as much as the germinating peas? Why or why not?

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12. What does one do to account to correct for differences in gas volume that are due to temperature fluctuation rather than rate of respiration?

Explanation / Answer

1. Photosynthesis :

Photosynthesis can be defined as a process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy and convert it to chemical energy and this chemical energy is later used to make up the organism's energy requirements. This chemical energy is stored in the form of carbohydrates or sugars , synthesised in the presence of light, giving the name photosynthesis.

Cellular respiration :

The cellular respiration takes place in the organism's cells, where the organism would convert the biochemical energy obtained from nutrients into ATP. The total set of reactions are metabolic reactions as there are both breakdown and formation of molecules during the various processes. Respiration itself, is a catabolic form of reaction in which there is break down of larger, more complex molecules into smaller and simpler molecules yielding energy to supplement cell activities.

3. Processes in plants that require ATP:

There are many processes in plants that require ATP, some of which are as follows :

---> transport of ions via active transport

---> photosynthesis

---> substrate level phosphorylation

---> cytoplasmic streaming

---> DNA duplication

---> oxidation reactions

4. Mitochondria is known as the power house of a cell, which is the production house of ATP. Muscle cells require a lot of ATP in order to carry out all of the work efficiently without getting tired enough. This need can only be sufficed by increasing the number of mitochondria. The muscle cells convert the energy generated from ATP into kinetic energy in order to perform the various activities, i.e. Conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy. Having more number of ATP, would make the muscle cells respond efficiently to any work that has to be performed.

5. One can measure the rate of cellular respiration by :

---> measuring the glucose quantity that has been consumed

---> measuring the oxygen amount that has been utilised

---> measuring the carbon dioxide amount that has been generated.

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