Traditionally, children born within a marriage were assumed to be fathered by th

Question

Traditionally, children born within a marriage were assumed to be fathered by the husband. Currently however, paternity testing is routine in the USA. For example in 1999 280,000 tests were conducted and in 28% of the cases the husband was not the biological father. Overall, about 5 to 10 percent of marital children are not the biological children of the husband (Santrock 2002).
However, although we have this information, most states have not yet updated their laws and men are required to continue supporting children they have not fathered. In fact, while criminal courts use DNA evidence as support of fatherhood, family courts do not acknowledge this scientific evidence (Santrock, 2002).

Within this context, consider the following questions:

What makes a parental relationship?
If biology is held supreme, what are the implications for adoptive parents? Same-sex parents?
Does the refusal to acknowledge scientific evidence reward women for deception?
Finally, what about the children?

CITE AT LEAST ONE REFERENCE

Explanation / Answer

biological relationship between the generations makes parental relation.

as the dna of the older generation is passes to the next generation makes the relationship of father and child .

ADOPTIVE PARENTS

in case of adoptive parents we need to understand the factors like affection , love and attatchment between the parents and child.

we should understand the opinion the of both the parents as well as the child's opinion i.e with whom he wants to live.

we must ask the children about all this i.e with whom he wants to continue his life, who understands him better father or mother.

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