All essay based answers should have a minimum of 250 words. All references used

Question

All essay based answers should have a minimum of 250 words. All references used to research any answers should be cited at the end of each question. Your answers may include any of the following to support any points made

Structural formulas

Chemical compositions

Chemical reactions and byproducts

Diagrams

Intermolecular forces

recommended/accepted concentrations or quantities

physical properties (including but not limited to molar mass, appearance, melting point, boiling point)

3. Comment on the nutritional value of a meal of a slice of toast with peanut butter

and an apple. Your answer should include the categories carbohydrates, fats, proteins,

vitamins and minerals.

4. The cold and flu are caused by viral infections. Explain what are viral infections

and discuss whether or not these conditions can be treated, and if so, how.

Explanation / Answer

3.

Apples along with peanut butter are very healthy. Overall, it is very high in calories, fat as well as protein.

Peanut butter is a very good source of protein. Two tablespoons of peanut butter can contain about 7 to 9 grams of protein. Peanut butter taken along with apples can help to serve as a good source of protein. It is highly recommended for vegetarians who do not take foods like eggs and meat.

Additionally, peanut butter consumed with apples provides enough fiber and roughage. Such a combination of toast with peanut butter and apples is often considered as a complete food. Such a combination is also considered as a healthy snack for people who suffer from diabetes.

Peanut butter is also a rich source of monosaturated fats. These fats have many health benefits. They help to lower cholesterol and reduce the risk for cardiac diseases.

This snack is exceptionally high in energy supply to the body. Apples are also low in calories which peanut butter can sufficiently provide. Two tablespoons of peanut butter can provide upto 250 calories. These are about 12% of our daily calorie requirement. While apples provide calories from carbohydrates, peanut butter provides calories mainly from fat and proteins. Overall, this is a perfect combination rich in all nutrients. Additional benefits can be the freshness and instant energy that such a meal can provide.

Reference: http://www.livestrong.com/article/424146-are-apples-with-peanut-butter-healthy/

4.

Viral infections are simply those infections that are caused by viral agents. Viruses are small disease causing agents that cause diseases in the host cell. These are non-living outside the host body but start to multiply once inside the host cells. These can infect any part of the body. These mostly affect the respiratory tract. These live inside the host cells and can damage or even kill these cells. Viral infections can spread by insect bites, direct inhalation or by sexual contact.

Viruses usually live inside the cells of the host. Therefore, it is very difficult to kill them. These are unaffected by any medication that we may administer to the host. The medicines reach the blood but they do not affect the virus that is present inside the host body cells. Antibiotics that are found useful in bacterial infections do not affect the virsuses. Treatments can only be provided to reduce the symptoms of such infections. Plenty of fluids can help ease out dehydration. Anti-nausea drugs can eliminate nausea.

Only the immune system can possibly function to eliminate the virsuses from the host body. Certain viral diseases like influenza can be treated with antiviral medications. There are no effective antiviral drugs for most viral infections. Most antiviral drugs unlike antibiotics, are aimed at a single virus, not to the entire viral community as a whole. The high rates of mutation in viruses confer them resistance to such medications. Certain vaccines have been developed that may help to prevent certain viral infections. These are provided in infections like rabies and Hepatitis B, sometimes even after the infection. These do not completely resist the infection but help to reduce its severity.

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