Ms. J., aged 48 years, has essential hypertension, diagnosed 4 years ago. She ha

Question

Ms. J., aged 48 years, has essential hypertension, diagnosed 4 years ago. She has not been taking her medication during the past 6 months because she has been feeling fine. Now she has a new job and has been too busy to enjoy her usual swimming and golf. She has decided to have a checkup because she is feeling tired and dyspneic and has had several bouts of dizziness, blurred vision, and epistaxis (nosebleeds) lately. On examination, her blood pressure is found to be 190/120, some rales are present in the lungs, and the retinas of her eyes show some sclerosis and several arteriolar ruptures. The physician orders rest and medication to lower the blood pressure, as well as an appointment with a nutritionist and urinary tests to check kidney function. 1. Describe the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. 2. Explain the possible problems associated with the high diastolic pressure. 3. Explain the significance of the retinal changes. 4. The doctor suspects mild congestive heart failure. Explain how this can develop from hypertension. 5. Give two other possible signs of CHF. 6. List two medications that are helpful in treating hypertension and describe their actions.

Explanation / Answer

Ans-1It is the stepwise events for hypertension. People when came in exposure to stress their sympathecus and RAAS together create conditions which make blood stroke and peripheral resistance to elevate the blood pressure. It can also be shown as flow chart.

Ans-2 the main problem associated with high diastolic pressure are cardiac failure, hemorrhage and heart attack.

Ans-3 the significance of retinal change include that it is diagnostic feature of the extreme stages of hypertension or hypertension emergency.

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