Gluconeogenesis in the liver can utilize different precursors depending on what

Question

Gluconeogenesis in the liver can utilize different precursors depending on what is happening elsewhere in the body. The liver can use lactate, which comes from the muscle during exertion and after exercise. It can also indirectly use alanine. a. What needs to happen in order for alanine to be used for gluconeogenesis? b. Under what conditions might alanine be the precursor for gluconeogenesis? The precursors to gluconeogenesis including acetyl Co-A and pyruvate can act as allosteric effectors to modulate the activity of PK, PEPCK, and pyruvate carboxylase. Describe the metabolic effects and the impact on a whole animal if the following mutations were present in the liver isoforms of the enzymes listed below. a. The allosteric binding site for alanine on pyruvate kinase is mutated, decreasing affinity for through alanine. b. The regulatory phosphorylation site on pyruvate kinase is eliminated mutation. c. The allosteric binding site for acetyl-CoA on pyruvate carboxylase is mutated, decreasing affinity for acetyl-CoA. d. The pyruvate carboxylase gene is mutated resulting in an enzyme that is catalytically inactive. e. The PEPCK gene is mutated resulting in an enzyme that is catalytically inactive.

Explanation / Answer

A) To alanine be used as Gluconeogenesis precursor glucose concentration in muscles should be low so that muscle uses energy from amino acids. And for that to happen alanine will go in Gluconeogenesis.

B) under anaerobic conditions alanine will be used as Gluconeogenesis precursor.

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