Questions 1. Many eu any eukaryotic organisms have genome sizes that are much la

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Questions 1. Many eu any eukaryotic organisms have genome sizes that are much larger than their complexity would seem to require. Explain this paradox were introns discovered during studies of adenovirus mRNAs? ow ow we o intron sequences in the human genome increase the diver- ow d sity of proteins expressed from the limited number of approximately 21,000 genes? How can simple-sequence repetitive DNA be separated from the bulk of the nuclear DNA? 3. How do in 5. How do noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression? How could you distinguish a processed pseudogene from a pseudo- gene formed by DNA duplication? 7. Yeast (S. cerevisiae) centromeres form a kinetochore that attaches to a single microtubule, whereas multiple microtubules are attached to the kinetochoreamost animal cells. How does the structure of S. cerevisiae centrcnere es reflect this difference? 8. When circular plasmids are provided with a centromere sequence and inserted into yeast cells, they reproduce and segregate normally each cell division. However, if a linear chromosome is generated by cutting the plasmid at a single site with a restriction endonuclease, the plasmid genes are quickly lost from the yeast. Explain. What additional experiment could you perform to test your hypothesized explanation? Approximately how many molecules of histone HI are bound to yeast genomic DNA? at is the average length of an intron in a human gene? ou have made a library in a plasmid vector containing complete human cDNAs. What is the expected average size of an insert? 10. What is t Why do many species of plants have larger numbers of genes than umans? lu for each major section are

Explanation / Answer

1. The genomes of most eukaryotic cells contain not only functional genes but also large amounts of DNA sequences that do not code for proteins. Such large difference is due to large number of non - coding genes present.Much of the complexity of eukaryotic genomes results from the abundance of several different types of noncoding sequences, which constitute most of the DNA of higher eukaryotic cells.

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