There is evidence to suggest that in people with Alzheimer\'s disease (senile de

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There is evidence to suggest that in people with Alzheimer's disease (senile dementia), the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is less available in many areas of the brain. If this hypothesis were true, you would correctly predict that in affected areas of an Alzheimer patient's, brain. a) neuron to neuron communication would decrease b) neuron to neuron communication would increase c) neurotransmitter concentration in the synapses would increase d) neurotransmitter reception by the postsynaptic neuron would be blocked by acetylcholine e) neurotransmitter reception by the postsynaptic neuron would increase Physostigmine (a product of the calabar bean) has been investigated for treatment of people with Alzheimer's disease. You would correctly hypothesize that this has been done because physostigmine a) can cause paralysis, which stimulates the brain _____. b) prevents muscle contraction so that the person who is sick can be more relaxed c) stimulates acetylcholinesterase release in the synapse d) keeps Na^+ gates of axons permanently open e) would prolong the action of acetylcholine in the synapses of the affected part of the brain Ms. Evil is trying to develop a toxin that would affect the nervous system of her neighbor's dog, Boof, who barks for hours at a time. She hypothesizes that if she could develop a toxin that would just affect the muscle bands that are the vocal cords necessary for barking, she could get some sleep. She develops a compound that causes Na^+ gates in axons to stay open. You correctly predict that when Ms. Evil injects Boof with this compound (through a hole in the fence), _____. a) action potentials in presynaptic neurons could still be measured b) Boof's vocal cords would continue to contract normally c) transmission of an action potential across the synapses would continue d) Na^+ concentrations inside and outside the cell membrane of the axon would become approximately equal e) (a), (c) and (d) would all occur The next morning, Ms. Evil is surprised to see that Boof is quietly stretched out on the ground next to the fence. Alas, Boof is now silent and dead. You would correctly predict that Boof died of _____. a) barking to exhaustion b) seizures c) paralysis of breathing muscles d) fear of Ms. Evil e) a life-threatening heat gradient between the dog and the fence Use the diagram to answer the next question. There are 1, 500kg of energy in the producers in this ecosystem. How much energy is available to the shake? a) 15,000 kg b) 15 kg c) 1kg d) 1.5kg e) 0.15kg

Explanation / Answer

31. a. neuron to neuron communication would decrease (due to lower amount of acetylcholine not being able to cross the threshold concentration for signal transmission to occur)

32. e. prolongs the action of acetylcholine in the affected parts of the brain (other options are potentially lethal)

33. d. Na+ concentation inside and outside the neurons will become the same

34. b. seizures

35. b. 15 kg (10% of energy is available to the next trophic level)

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