Question Completion Status: a. adrenal glands QUESTION 25 Which of the following
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Question Completion Status: a. adrenal glands QUESTION 25 Which of the following is considered a sodium sensor? C à juxtaglomerular cells C b.mesangial cells C C macula densa cells C d. corticotropes QUESTION 26 Ang I has how many amino Ang II has how many amino acids? c a 12 cb.g C C 10 QUESTION 27 In a patient with severe dehydration, the cell bodies of the PVN will C à shrink c b.swell die d none of the above Click Save anid Submit to sove ard submit. Click Save All Answers to sove ail answer ters 2Explanation / Answer
25. The correct oprion is C. Macula densa is a group of cells found in wall of ascending loop of Henle in kidney. These cells are sensitive to sodium concentration and detect a drop in sodium concentration in tubular fluid and stimulate juxtaglomerular cells to secret renin. Hence known as sodium sensor.
26. The correct option is B. Angiotensin I is composed of 10 amino acids. This angiotensin I is acted on by angiotensin converting enzyme which produces an 8 amino acid peptide, angiotensin II.
27. The correct option is A. Severe dehydration causes shrinkage to the cell bodies of paraventricular neurons of hypothalamus which activates release of vasopressin to restore the tonicity and volume.
28. The correct option is A. Blood volume is a determinant of blood pressure because increase in blood volume put presuure on the vascular wall and hence increase the blood pressure and decrease in blood volume causes decrease in blood pressure.
29. The correct option is B. Heart rate indicates the number of beats per minute and Stroke volume describe the volume of blood pumped by the ventricles in a single heart beat. Therefore cardiac output (CO) = Heart rate (HR) X Stroke volume.
30. The correct option is A. First option is correct. Cardiac preload and afterload during heart faliure is maintained by renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) system mainly due to angiotensin II. This whole process causes renal sodium retention.
31. Option C is correct. The level of angiotensin I will increase. The ACE inhibitor block angiotensin converting enzyme. This angiotensin converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Hence the level of angiotensin I will increase.
32. Last option is correct. Kidney will excrete more sodium and water which causes decrease in blood volume and hence decrease in blood pressure.
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