Which of the following series of events is associated with the formation of canc
ID: 96712 • Letter: W
Question
Which of the following series of events is associated with the formation of cancer?
a)The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which are continuously active. There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells.
b)The oncogenes mutate and become proto-oncogenes which are continuously active. There is also an associated loss of tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells.
c)The proto-oncogenes mutate and become oncogenes which stop functioning altogether. There is also an associated increase in the tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells.
d)The oncogenes mutate and become proto-oncogenes which stop functioning altogether. There is also an associated increase in the tumor suppressor gene activity allowing uncontrolled growth of cells.
Place the correct word into each sentence for more information on the different types of mutations.
words: start, three, one, similar, stop, different
Point mutations include changes in ____________ base of a segment of DNA.
A point mutation can result in no change or a ____________ protein being made.
Sometimes a point mutation can lead to an improper ____________ codon resulting in the production begin stopped before the protein is completely made.
Place the correct word into each sentence to describe the different types and causes of mutations.
words: mutation, ingestion, can, cannot, protein, inherited, sex, gonad, exposured, body, spontaneous
A gene ____________ is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA.
These changes in bases can affect ____________ production, protein activity, or have no effect on protein production at all.
Germline mutations are those that occur in ____________ cells and ____________ be passed onto future generations.
Somatic mutations occur in ____________ cells of an individual.
Some mutations are ____________ and happen for no apparent reason.
Other mutations are called induced mutations and are the result of ____________ to toxins or radiation.
Explanation / Answer
Here we are getting three terms oncogene, proto oncogene and tumer supressor gene.
Proto onchogene are present in each and every cells which accounts for normoal growth and development. But when it accumulate mutation it turns into onco gene.
Onco gene can cause cancer when expressed at high level in cells. It gives rise to uncontrolled cell division preventiong apoptosis.
And the third fact is tumor supressor gene prevents expression of deadly onco gene and thus prevents cancer. But mutaion or reduction of function of tumor supressor gene can give rise to cancer.
So the correct answer would be option a) as formation of cancer requires active expression of onco gene and poor functioning of tumor supressor gene.
Point mutaion is the Mutaion of one base in DNA.
A point mutation can result in no change or a different protein being made. As when mutation takes place in the regulatory segment( splicing site of intron or promoter region) protein changes.
Sometimes a point mutation can lead to an improper stop codon resulting in the production begin stopped before the protein is completely made. Stop codons accoumts for incomplete protein.
A gene mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA.
These changes in bases can affect protein production, protein activity, or have no effect on protein production at all.
Germline mutations are those that occur in gonad cells and can be passed onto future generations.
Somatic mutations occur in body cells of an individual.
Some mutations are spotaneous and happen for no apparent reason.
Other mutations are called induced mutations and are the result of exposured to toxins or radiation.
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