17. Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of t

Question

17. Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

   [A] deposition of solid CO2 from gaseous CO2

   [B] mixing of two gases into one container

   [C] dissolution of KCl(s) in water

   [D] evaporation of Hg(l) to form Hg(g)

   [E] melting ice to form water

18. Which one of the following processes produces a decrease of the entropy of the system?

   [A] boiling of alcohol [B] sublimation of naphthalene [C] explosion of nitroglycerine

   [D] dissolving sodium chloride in water [E] dissolving oxygen in water

   19. Consider a pure crystalline solid that is heated from absolute zero to a temperature above the boiling point of the liquid. Which of the following processes produces the greatest increase in the entropy of the substance?

   [A] vaporizing the liquid [B] heating the gas [C] melting the solid

   [D] heating the liquid [E] heating the solid

20. Which one of the following correctly indicates the relationship between the entropy of a system and the number of different arrangements, W, in the system?

[A] S = kW [B] S = k lnW [C] S = Wk [D] S = k/W [E] S = W/k

Explanation / Answer

17. Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

entropy is the measurment of chaos, the more entropy, the more chaotic the sytem, if there is a decrease in entropy, the system is being ordered.

By order, we mean, less chaos, i.e. less temperature or ordered phase

   [A] deposition of solid CO2 from gaseous CO2gas is chaotic, solid is ordered, therefore, there is ordering of system, the entropy decreases..

   [B] mixing of two gases into one container mixing two ordered gases into a single chatoic phase implies increase in disorder

   [C] dissolution of KCl(s) in water KCl(s) is ordered phase, K+ + Cl-(aq) is much mre chaotic, entropy increases

   [D] evaporation of Hg(l) to form Hg(g) liquid is ordered phase, gas is chaotic, there is entropy increase

   [E] melting ice to form water solid is ordered, liquid is chaotic, then increase in entopy

18. Which one of the following processes produces a decrease of the entropy of the system?

[A] boiling of alcohol liquid to vapor increases chaos

[B] sublimation of naphthalene gas to solid decreases chaos, there is decrease in entropy

[C] explosion of nitroglycerine 1 mol of liqui turns into plenty mol of gases, there is increase in order/entropy

[D] dissolving sodium chloride in water 1 mol of solid goes into two mol of aqueous ions, increase in chaos/entropy

[E] dissolving oxygen in water plenty of gas goes into solution, the chaos decreases, entropy decreases

   19. Consider a pure crystalline solid that is heated from absolute zero to a temperature above the boiling point of the liquid. Which of the following processes produces the greatest increase in the entropy of the substance?

[A] vaporizing the liquid --> this will literally break most interactions in the molecular level, will go from an uncompresible fluid to a copmressbile gas. Note that this is the most chaotic stage

[B] heating the gas --> not really, since it expands gradually as T increases

[C] melting the solid --> it does, but not as much as liquid to vapor

[D] heating the liquid --> false, heating gas will be much more entropic

[E] heating the solid -->  false, heating gas will be much more entropic

20. Which one of the following correctly indicates the relationship between the entropy of a system and the number of different arrangements, W, in the system?

The best relationship is given by the Boltzmann defenition as:

S = k*ln(W)

[A] S = kW

[B] S = k lnW

[C] S = Wk

[D] S = k/W

[E] S = W/k

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