Before leaving this screen, write down the dimensions of the box as shown beside

Question

Before leaving this screen, write down the dimensions of the box as shown beside the screen title. LIQUID STATE b Bromine: Liquid Description and choose Bromine: Liquid. Since the Go the menu beside the Bromine: Gas title directions on changing the size. model is very small, increase the size. See page 2 for Bromine diatomic in all states: gas, liquid, solid. Notice that each molecule has two round(atoms) joined by a straight line the bond occurs. The bromine liquid molecules are the SAME SIZE as the bromine gas molecules. Notice that the"box" is much smaller. the volume that the molecules occupy to the volume of the box. How does this comparison differ from the comparison made in 3? Compare the size of the box for the liquid to the size of the gas box. b.2) Based on the volume of the boxes and the comparison of molecule space ratio which has a higher density: gas or liquid. Describe the rotation and positional motion of the individual bromine liquid molecules. Turn on the simulation(start the molecules moving). To see the liquid movement easier, change the model to ball and spoke. Click on Model and chose Ball and Spoke in tbe pull down menu. b.3) How far do the liquid molecules move from their original positions? Are the molecules traveling to different locations? Turn on the iTrails" function to help answer these questions. b 4) Describe the arrangement of the bromine liquid molecules. Is there any specific order or are the molecules randomly arranged? b 5) Briefly summarize how the movement of a liquid differs from the movement of a gas.

Explanation / Answer

Compare the size of the box for the liquid to the size of the gas box.

volume occupied by the liquid molecules is much smaller than the volume occupied by the gas molecules. Gaseous molecules have higher kinetic energy than the liquid state which makes them to random freely over a larger space, as a result volume of a gas is much larger than gas. Gas molecules are more packed than the molecules in the gas, intermolecular distance between the liquid molecules is smaller than gas.

which has a higher density: gas or liquid

As same no of molecules occupy a smaller volume in liquid state, so density of liquid is higer than the gas.

Describe the rotation and positional motion of the individual bromine liquid molecules

rotational motion: The entire molecule can rotate around two axis, (even though it may not actually change its position translationally), one axis is the molecular axis(along the Br-Br single bond, and another axis is a perpendicular axis passing vertically through the midpoint of the single bond, two axis are perpendicular to each other.

Translational motion/positional motion. The entire molecule can move in some direction in three dimensions

How far do the liquid molecules move from their original positions?

In the liquid state, a molecule is free to move about the entire volume of the liquid but molecules in a liquid have a lower degree of freedom than in a gas.

Are the molecules traveling to different locations?

Yes. They randomly travel to different locations about the entire volume of the liquid but not as rapidly as gas molecules.

Describe the arrangement of the bromine liquid molecules. Is there any specific order or are the molecules randomly arranged?

There is no specific order between the molecules, as a result liquid molecules have a definite volume but no definite shape. They will find their shape according to the shape a container.

Briefly summarize how the movement of a liquid differs from the movement of a gas

Gases have the highest kinetic energy. They have little to no Intermolecular attraction. Molecules in the gaseous state have a higher degree of freedom than in the liquid state. The gas has a higher entropy than the liquid. So gas-molecules move faster and more randomly than the liquid molecules.

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