Discuss Bacterial cell walls with regard to (a) resistance to phagocytosis, (b)

Question

Discuss Bacterial cell walls with regard to (a) resistance to phagocytosis, (b) chemical composition, and (c) decolorization by alcohol.

Read the selected scriptures and in your response to the prompt discuss how at least one of the scriptures relates to the discussion topic. For example: Leviticus has reference to mold, you can discuss how mold is classified, characteristics, and how it relates to the discussion topic. PLEASE DO NOT COPY FROM A WORD FROM WORD SOURSE!!! THANK YOU

Leviticus 14:33-53 (opens in a new window)

Acts 12:23 (opens in a new window)

Psalms, 139:13-16 (opens in a new window)

Isaiah 49:1-5 (opens in a new window)

Explanation / Answer

Ans.) Bacteria have developed several diverse strategies to keep them away from   phagocytosis and killing. Generally, they try to obstruct one or more of the strides in phagocytosis and eventually arresting the process. Few of the bacteria have the tendency to stay confined in section unreachable to phagocytes. They also reduce phagocyte chemotaxis. For example Streptococcal streptolysin (which also kills phagocytes) reduces neutrophil chemotaxis, yet in very low quantity. Bacterial cell wall also acts as a defense barrier which develops resistance towards phagocytic ingestion.

Generally, every bacterial genus have their own characteristic prototype of cell-wall components, predominantly in view of the amino acids sequence. There is a marked variations observed in the ratio of the sugars appear to distinguish the individual species within a genus. The cell wall of gram positive bacteria thick and made up of peptidoglycan. In Gram staining, it takes up the crystal violet dye and is appears purple. Whereas, the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria, the cell wall contains thin peptidoglycan layer neighboring to the cytoplasmic membrane and it appears pink in Gram staining.

In Gram staining technique (applied to characterize bacteria) first of all the bacterial strain is stained with crystal violet. After that, strain is treated with an iodine solution and then alcohol is applied. Application of alcohol removes the color from the bacteria (decolorizes it). After that the strain is   and counterstained with safranine. Gram-positive bacteria keep the violet color while gram-negative bacteria do not. Hence, it is concluded that both types of bacteria could be decolorized with alcohol.

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