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1. Calculate the following information about the radioactive isotope of radium,

ID: 969033 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Calculate the following information about the radioactive isotope of radium, Ra-226. The initial concentration of it in the water is 0.3 femtomolar (0.3 x 10^-15 mol/L).

a. What is the daughter of Ra-226

b. Given the half lives of Ra-226 and it's daughter, calculate the decay constants ?, for each species in days-1

c. What is the initial activity (A) of Ra-226 in the system? How about it's daughter?

d. What do you expect the equilibrium activity of the daughter isotope will be (assume a closed system)? Why?

e. How long will it take for the activity of the daughter isotope to reach 90% of the value as predicted in part d? what is its concentration at this time?

Explanation / Answer

a)222Rn

b)half life of Ra-226=1600 years=0.693/decay constant of Ra-226 ,   half life of 222Rn=3.8 days=0.693/decay constant of 222Rn

0.693/1600*365=1.2 *10^(-6) day -1    0.693/3.8= 0.18 day -1

c)

no of atoms per gram of radium=avagadro no/atomic mass=2.6645*10^(21)

initial activity = decay constant * no of atoms per gram=1.2 *10^(-6)*2.6645*10^(21)=3.2*10^(15) dis/day

no of atoms per gram of radium=avagadro no/atomic mass=2.7*10^(21)

initial activity = decay constant * no of atoms per gram=0.18*2.7*10^(21)=0.486 dis/day

d)

activity of daughter will be equal to activity of parent

long half life of parent = small decay constant of parent

Ab/Aa=decay constant of b/decay constant of b - decay constant of a

since decay constant of b>>decay constant of a so activity of daughter will be equal to activity of parent

e)A at any time=A[1- exp(-decay constant*t)]

0.1=exp(-decay constant*t)

-2.302=-decay constant*t , t=2.302/0.18=12.79 days

concentration=N = No e - decayconstant*t

=2.7*10^(21) exp(-0.18*12.79)

   = 1.62*10^(21) atoms