1. When a dendritic cell is activated (same as undergoing maturation), all of th

Question

1. When a dendritic cell is activated (same as undergoing maturation), all of the following events occur except

increased ability to endocytose

increase of MHC molecules on surface

migration to lymph nodes

growth of "dendrites"

2. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

T cell activation: proliferation

plasma cell : antibody secretion

Helper T cell: killing of virus-infected cells

NK cell : death of infected cells

effector B cell: plasma cell

3. During the cell cycle, critical cell cycle proteins are targeted for degradation by the

P450-protease pathway.

autophagy process

lysosomes

ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

5.

Epinephrine signaling can lead to glycogen breakdown in the liver to provide glucose for tissues (muscles). Place the follwoing events in the correct order when epinephrine binds to its receptors.

Glycogen phosphorylase is activated

Terminal glucose molecules are cleaved off from glycogen

Adenylyl cyclase is activated

Phosphorylase kinase is activated

PKA is activated

increased ability to endocytose

increase of MHC molecules on surface

migration to lymph nodes

growth of "dendrites"

2. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

T cell activation: proliferation

plasma cell : antibody secretion

Helper T cell: killing of virus-infected cells

NK cell : death of infected cells

effector B cell: plasma cell

3. During the cell cycle, critical cell cycle proteins are targeted for degradation by the

P450-protease pathway.

autophagy process

lysosomes

ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

5.

Epinephrine signaling can lead to glycogen breakdown in the liver to provide glucose for tissues (muscles). Place the follwoing events in the correct order when epinephrine binds to its receptors.

Glycogen phosphorylase is activated

Terminal glucose molecules are cleaved off from glycogen

Adenylyl cyclase is activated

Phosphorylase kinase is activated

PKA is activated

Explanation / Answer

1) Increased ability to endocytose. Dendritic cells are derived from hematopoietic bone marrow progenitor cells. These progenitor cells at first transform into immature dendritic cells. These cells are differentiated by high endocytic activity. Immature dendritic cells may also phagocytose small quantities of membrane from live own cells, they have come into contact with a presentable antigen and become activated into mature dendritic cells and start to migrate to the lymph node. Immature dendritic cells phagocytose pathogens and mortify their proteins into small pieces and upon maturation present those fragments at their increase cell surface using MHC molecules.

2) Helper T cell: killing of virus-infected cells, because natural killer cell kills virus-infected cells and helper T cell helps differentiation of B cells.

3) During the cell cycle, critical cell cycle proteins are targeted for degradation by the P450 - ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and lysosome.P450s are essential enzymes responsible for the metabolism of promoted drugs and a wide rang of endogenous substrates. Their expression replicates a balance between synthesis and degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and lysosomal proteolysis mediate protein degradation.

4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated- PKA is activated - Phosphorylase kinase is activated- Glycogen phosphorylase is activated - Terminal glucose molecules are cleaved off from glycogen.

Epinephrine or glucagon stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP, which activates PKA, which activates phosphorylase kinase. In glycogen breakdown, phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates GPb to the more active form. In glycogen synthesis, phosphorylase kinasephosphorylates the active form of Glycogen Synthase , and converts it into the usually inactive.

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