Below is a stretch of eukaryotic DNA depicting genes, enhancers, and insulators.

Question

Below is a stretch of eukaryotic DNA depicting genes, enhancers, and insulators. SEE PICTURE FOR FIGURE

A) Which enhancer(s) potentially help to activate gene 3?

B) Give an example of a mutation in cis that would increase the number of enhancers that could

activate gene 3.

C) Would you predict that a repressor that binds to enhancer 4 would increase, decrease, or have no

effect on the expression of gene 4?

D) What category of transcription factors likely bind to the promoter of gene 4?

E) Give 2 mechanisms by which an activator at enhancer 2 may enhance the expression of gene 1.

F) There are about 100,000 enhancers in the human genome, and only about 20,000 protein coding

genes. Hypothesize why it is advantageous to have more enhancers than genes.

Bookmarks People Window Help BL MS m/drive/folders/OBxtTbNtdizEsUXhMUG9BdGZhcjQ Below is a stretch of eukaryotic DNA depicting genes, enhancers, and insulators. enhancer Insulator enhancer gene enhancer gene Insulator gene Insulator enhancer Insulator gene Insulator enhancer gene 4 A) Which enhancer(s) potentially help to activate gene 3? e an example of a mutation in cis that would increase the number of enhancers that could activate gene 3. B) Giv , decrease, or have no ould you predict that a repressor that binds to enhancer 4 would increase effect on the expression of gene 4? C) W D) What category of transcription factors likely bind to the promoter of gene 4? E) Give 2 mechanisms by which an activator at enhancer 2 may enhance the expression of gene 1. F) There are about 100,000 enhancers in the human genome, and only about 20,000 protein coding genes. Hypothesize why it is advantageous to have more enhancers than genes

Explanation / Answer

A) enhancer 3. Because it is located nearest to gene 3

B) deletion of gene1. It would get enhancer2 in close vicinity of gene3.

C) no effect. Because repressors have binding sites on silencers which are DNA sites antagonistic to enhancers. Only activators can bind to enhancers

D) CTCF, SU(HW), BEAF, GAF, MOD(MDG4), CP190

E)- recruitment of RNA polymerase at gene 1 promoter as the enhancer region loops over it

- chromatin remodeling

F) more enhancers help to increase the probability of regulation of a gene. Also different enhances would promote the activity of a gene in different manner, each being equally important eg. Remodeling the chromatin to convert into a euchromatin and recruitment of polymerase for transcription

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