Which creates the stronger and longer lasting immune response? A. Primary immune

Question

Which creates the stronger and longer lasting immune response? A. Primary immune response B. Secondary immune response C. Tertiary immune response D. Antigen Presenting Cell response During the first exposure to a pathogen, which type of antibody is produced in large quantities first? A. IgG B. IgD C. IgM D. IgE During the second and subsequent exposures to a pathogen, which type of antibody is produced in the largest quantities? A. IgD B. IgM C. IgE D. IgG Antibody mediated immunity is called: A) The reticuloendothelial system B) The immune surveillance system C) Humoral immunity D) Cell-mediated immunity What type of immunity is most effective against intracellular pathogens? A) The reticuloendothelial system B) The immune surveillance system C) Humoral immunity

Explanation / Answer

61. first exposure to pathogen antibody produced is IgM (option c)

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an antibody produced by B cells, it is the physically largest antibody in the human circulatory system. It is the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen.

it is a polymer, where multiple immunoglobulins are linked together by strong covalent bonds known as disulfide bonds. IgM exists most commonly as a pentamer.

62. second subsequent pathogen produced is IgG (option D)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody found in the circulation. IgG has two antigen binding sites, representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. and it is the second antibody produced on infection by the pathogens.

IgG is the main type of antibody found in blood and extracellular fluid allowing it to control infection of body tissues. By binding many kinds of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, IgG protects the body from infection.

IgG molecules are large generally made of 4 peptide chains. IgG antibodies are extracted from donated blood plasma and used as a therapeutic known as intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

63. antibody mediated immunity is called humoral immunity (option c)

Humoral immunity or humoural immunity is the immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides. it is so named because it involves substances found in the humors, or body fluids.

Its aspects involving antibodies are often called antibody-mediated immunity.

In humoral immune response, first the B cells mature in the bone marrow and gain B-cell receptors (BCR's) which are displayed in large number on the cell surface.

These membrane-bound protein complexes have antibodies which are specific for antigen detection. Each B cell has a unique antibody that binds with an antigen. The matured B cells migrate from bone marrow to lymph nodes or other lymphatic organs, where they begin to encounter pathogens.

64. most effective immunity against intracellular pathogens cell mediated immunity (option D)

Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

the immunity provides protective function of immunization associating with cells, CD4 cells or helper T cells provide protection against different pathogens.

Cellular immunity protects the body by:

T-cell mediated immunity or T-cell immunity : activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens,

then by activating macrophages and natural killer cells and then stimulating the cells to secrete a variety of cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses.

60. stronger and long lasting immune response antigen presenting cell response (option D)

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens for recognition by certain lymphocytes such as T cells. APCs include dendritic cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells and B cells.

Antigen-presenting cells are vital for effective adaptive immune response. They can also express different costimulatory molecules to influence the process of immune response.

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