______ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between t
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______ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells. a) Transformation b) Transduction c) Conjugation d) Binary fission e) Budding The specificity of viruses to different types of cells is due to ______ sites on the host cell. a) prophage b) receptor c) transduction d) penetration e) transcription Small circles of DNA called _____ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome. a) capsids b) plasmids c) chromatids d) pili e) centromeres Viruses: a) are usually species-specific. b) may have multiple origins. c) are probably related to mobile genetic elements. d) may have escaped from cells. e) All of the above. ______ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions. a) Capsids b) Endospores c) Exotoxins d) Endotoxins e) Heterocysts The protein coat of a virus is called the: a) capsule. b) capsid. c)exospore. d) phage. e) pilus.Explanation / Answer
31) c.Conjugation - Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient by direct physical contact between the cells. In bacteria there are two mating types a donor male and a recipient female and the direction of transfer of genetic material.
32) b .receptor - viral receptors attach to the receptors on the surface of the cell and secondary receptors may be present to start the penetrate of the membrane or fusion with the host cell.
33) b.plasmid - A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule which is separate from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids survive in bacterial cells. The genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages like as antibiotic resistance.
34) e. All of the above, Viruses are usually species-specific , it may have multiple origins and are probably related to mobile genetic elements. It may have escaped from cells.
35) b .Endospores - They are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions. An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria.
36) b.Caspid - A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of protein called protomers.
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