The patient was a 26-year old Peace Corp volunteer who 2 weeks prior to seeking

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The patient was a 26-year old Peace Corp volunteer who 2 weeks prior to seeking medical care returned from a 2-year assignment in Togo. His past medical history was significant for his developing malaria during his assignment. This occurred as a result of his continuing malaria prophylaxis after developing acute dysentery. The patient noted that the Togo assignment was to help develop infrastructure for purifying water and septic systems. The assignment was located in an area that was undeveloped and contained a large indigenous wildlife population. The patient’s assignment was successful after 2 years. The patient provided a photo drinking water from what he called a clean source. At presentation he complained of chronic diarrhea for the previous 4 weeks. His diarrhea was accompanied by cramps, abdominal pain and foul-smelling flatulence. The diarrhea occurred soon after meals (30 to 60 minutes after eating). He also complained of some nausea following eating. He denied having fevers or chills. On physical examination, he was somewhat cachectic and claimed he had a 20 –pound weight loss over the previous 2-years (12% of his body mass). Three stools were examined. All were negative for enteric bacterial pathogens. However, a trichome stain of one of his stools revealed the etiology of his diarrhea. 13. Differentiate the probable etiologies of his illness. What is the cause of his infection?
14. Describe the pathogensis of his diarrhea. Describe the epidemiology f the organims.
15. Besides direct examination of fecal specimens using a microscope, what other tests is available for detection of this organism?
16. If the patient would have complained of fever and chills, what other organisms would you have been concerned with causing the infection? The patient was a 26-year old Peace Corp volunteer who 2 weeks prior to seeking medical care returned from a 2-year assignment in Togo. His past medical history was significant for his developing malaria during his assignment. This occurred as a result of his continuing malaria prophylaxis after developing acute dysentery. The patient noted that the Togo assignment was to help develop infrastructure for purifying water and septic systems. The assignment was located in an area that was undeveloped and contained a large indigenous wildlife population. The patient’s assignment was successful after 2 years. The patient provided a photo drinking water from what he called a clean source. At presentation he complained of chronic diarrhea for the previous 4 weeks. His diarrhea was accompanied by cramps, abdominal pain and foul-smelling flatulence. The diarrhea occurred soon after meals (30 to 60 minutes after eating). He also complained of some nausea following eating. He denied having fevers or chills. On physical examination, he was somewhat cachectic and claimed he had a 20 –pound weight loss over the previous 2-years (12% of his body mass). Three stools were examined. All were negative for enteric bacterial pathogens. However, a trichome stain of one of his stools revealed the etiology of his diarrhea. 13. Differentiate the probable etiologies of his illness. What is the cause of his infection?
14. Describe the pathogensis of his diarrhea. Describe the epidemiology f the organims.
15. Besides direct examination of fecal specimens using a microscope, what other tests is available for detection of this organism?
16. If the patient would have complained of fever and chills, what other organisms would you have been concerned with causing the infection? The patient was a 26-year old Peace Corp volunteer who 2 weeks prior to seeking medical care returned from a 2-year assignment in Togo. His past medical history was significant for his developing malaria during his assignment. This occurred as a result of his continuing malaria prophylaxis after developing acute dysentery. The patient noted that the Togo assignment was to help develop infrastructure for purifying water and septic systems. The assignment was located in an area that was undeveloped and contained a large indigenous wildlife population. The patient’s assignment was successful after 2 years. The patient provided a photo drinking water from what he called a clean source. At presentation he complained of chronic diarrhea for the previous 4 weeks. His diarrhea was accompanied by cramps, abdominal pain and foul-smelling flatulence. The diarrhea occurred soon after meals (30 to 60 minutes after eating). He also complained of some nausea following eating. He denied having fevers or chills. On physical examination, he was somewhat cachectic and claimed he had a 20 –pound weight loss over the previous 2-years (12% of his body mass). Three stools were examined. All were negative for enteric bacterial pathogens. However, a trichome stain of one of his stools revealed the etiology of his diarrhea. 13. Differentiate the probable etiologies of his illness. What is the cause of his infection?
14. Describe the pathogensis of his diarrhea. Describe the epidemiology f the organims.
15. Besides direct examination of fecal specimens using a microscope, what other tests is available for detection of this organism?
16. If the patient would have complained of fever and chills, what other organisms would you have been concerned with causing the infection?

Explanation / Answer

13) Water supply, excreta disposal, uncooked poultry food,hand washing, open defecation, uncleaned latrine etc. Trichrome stain results suggest that the patient was affected by Cryptosporidium species. Feacal contaminated water was the main cause of this spread of this infection.

14) Mechanisms which explains pathophysiology of diarrhoea

Example of pathogens causing infectious diarrhoea

Bacteria--- salmomella, E.coli, camplylobacter

Viruses—rotavirus, coronavirus,paroviruses

Protozoa—Cryptosporium, Giardia

Vibrio Cholera, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, rotavirus and salmomella species cause major moratlity and morbidity

15) Polymerase Chain Reaction was another method used to detect this cryptosporidium species

16) Gastroenteritis, Stomach flu, Campylobacter, Giardiasis, Helicobacter pylori infection, Rotavirus, Salmonella species, Shigella Species, Amoebiasis, cholera are some of the conditions that may cause diarrhoea with fever

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