On a separate piece of paper, answer the following questions. Turn your answers

Question

On a separate piece of paper, answer the following questions. Turn your answers in to me on the day announced in class and you will be rewarded with 2 points for your efforts. These points will be added to your first exam score. 1. What is respiratory epithelium? Describe its appearance and list specifically, where it is located. Describe the cells involved. Why is it so important? 2. The respiratory system contains some masses of lymphatic tissue. Name these and state their locations. Why are these important in respiratory health? 3. One of your classmates, Bubba, has missed class this week due to late night party obligations. Now he is trying to catch up. How would you explain to him the principles of gas exchange that occur between the alveolus and the alveolar capillaries?

Explanation / Answer

Respiratory epithelium is a type of epithelium that forms the covering of upper respiratory tract (mainly pharynx larynx and trachea) from inside. It has ciliated pseudostratified columnar arrangement of cells. It is made of 3 types of cells mainly: Ciliary cells, Goblet cells and Basal cells. Basal cells layer form the outermost layer, then goblet cells which contain mucus to moisten the epithelium, ciliary cells are columnar in shape and are present towards the lumen. Respiratory epithelium is so important because its cilia protect the airway from foreign bodies and pathogens, its mucus keeps the layer moisten. In respiratory system the lymphatic tissue is found in loose connective tissue spaces below respiratory epithelium. In these spaces, the lymphatic cells keep on circulating and get exposed to invading foreign particles inside the tract. They can produce localized cells known as nodules when outside particles enter the tract. Other places in respiratory system where lymphatic tissues are found are: Thymus (a two lobed structure present in chest and contains T cells, epithelial cells and macrophages), Right lymphatic duct, Thoracic duct, and Auxillary lymph nodes. Lungs have unique features that make gaseous exchange highly efficient. (a.) The exchange surface has large surface area provided by a large number of alveoli , (b) the walls of alveoli are very thin, just one cell thick layer, (c) All the alveoli are surrounded by a very dense capillary network, (d) the epithelial lining of alveoli is moist, so the gases can dissolve in it and then can diffuse through it. (e) the blood supply in capillaries is very good and adequate. So in alveoli sac there comes the oxygen from lungs and after crossing the walls of alveli and blood capillaries, the oxygen travels to RBCs in the blood capillaries and through RBC it is transported to all parts of body. Carbondioxide comes from the body into the blood vessels and travels in oppsite direction that is from blood vessels to the alveoli and then from alveoli it is transported to lungs. From lungs it is exhaled out. Both gases oxygen and CO2 move from their high concentration areas towards low concentration areas through simple diffusion.

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