The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to A) the chemical versat

Question

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. D) their interaction with water. E) their tremendously large sizes. Differences among organisms are caused by A) large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism. B) differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. C) differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. D) differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. E) differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved that A) life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules. B) organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth. C) life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes. D) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life. E) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules. A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? A) ionic B) hydrogen C) covalent D) covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds E) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. C) They are hydrophilic. D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. E) They are lighter than water. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? A) It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. B) It should dissolve in water. C) It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. D) It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. E) It is hydrophobic.

Explanation / Answer

1.The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

Ans): The chemical versatility of carbon atoms

Note: Since carbon atoms are very versatile and can form a variety of organic compounds.

2. Differences among organisms are caused by

Ans): Differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism.

3. Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved that

Ans): Organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.

4. A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Ans):   Covalent

Note: The most common type of bond formed by carbon is a covalent bond. In most cases, carbon shares electrons with other atoms (usual valence of 4). This is because carbon typically bonds with elements which have a similar electronegativity.

5. Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Ans): The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages

Note: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms. They include the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of their relatively non-polarity, all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water.

6. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

Ans): It should dissolve in water.

Note: Hydroxyl -OH is Hydrophilic (attracts water). This is due to the electronegativity of the oxygen atom in -OH which makes the functional group polar. This polarity attracts the also polar H2O molecule creating a hydrophilic effect.

7. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Ans): carboxyl and amino

Note: Amino acids are what form your proteins, and their functional groups react together to form peptide bonds (or what you would call the amide linkage).
                       In order for an amide linkage (-CONH-), you would require a carboxyl (-COOH) group to react with an amino group (-NHR). Hence, all amino acides have a carboxul and amino group in order for them to form long continuous chains of proteins.

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