What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression in t

Question

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression in terms of where the mRNA is transcribed, the initiation of mRNA transcription, and any post transcription modifications of the mRNA molecule. For the following DNA template strand, please give the corrected transcribed mRNA strand and the polypeptide that it codes for. Beware of start and stop codons. 3'-TCCTGATACGACTGAGGACTCTTCTTCAGAATTGGA-5' Enzyme function is critically important for the proper replication of DNA. Predict the consequence of a loss of function for each of the following enzymes: DNA gyrase DNA polymerase III DNA ligase DNA polymerase I You are on an episode of CSI Gray slake. A crime has been committed and you are called in to put one of 3 suspects at the crime scene. You have a few hair stands with cells attached but not enough DNA to run an RFLP fingerprint assay. Map out a plan on how you would proceed to produce enough DNA for a specific gene that you will digest to get a DNA fingerprint. Include any protocols, enzymes, materials, etc that you would use. Describe in detail, translation of an mRNA by a ribosome. Include the function of rRNA and tRNA and associated enzymes or complexes.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

1. The differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription are given below:

i. Site of transcription:

Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm

Eukaryotes: Nucleus

ii. Transcription initiation:

a. Prokaryotes: Contain 3 different promoter elements: -10, -35 promoters, and upstream elements.

Eukaryotes: Contain many different promoter elements: TATA box, initiator elements, downstream core promoter element, CAAT box, and the GC box.

b. Prokaryotes: They only have one type of RNA polymerase.

Eukaryotes: They have three types of RNA polymerases, I, II, and III

c. Eukaryotes form an initiation complex with the various transcription factors that dissociate after initiation is completed.

No such structure seen in prokaryotes.

iii. Splicing:

Prokaryotes: Since they lack introns (except a few archeal genes), splicing does not take place.

Eukaryotic: The pre-mRNA contain introns, so splicing takes place to produce the mature mRNA.

iv. Post-transcriptional modification:

Prokaryotic: No post-transcriptional modification takes place.

Eukaryotic: A number of modifications takes place while the mRNA is in the nucleus. Example: Splicing of introns, 5' cap and 3' poly A tail.

(Since there are more than 1 questions, the first question have been answered according to the rules of Chegg)

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