Give the solubility data for halide salts below, answer the following questions,

Question

Give the solubility data for halide salts below, answer the following questions, ignoring for now the activity coefficients:

p Ksp

Ksp

CuCl

6.73

1.9 x 10-7

AgCl

9.74

1.8 x 10-10

HgCl2

17.91

1.2 x 10-18

TlCl

3.74

1.8 x 10-4

PbCl2

4.78

1.7 x 10-5

a) Of the two salts, AgCl and CuCl, which is less soluble?

b) Of the two salts, CuCl and PbCl2, which is less soluble?

c) Do the calculation for this four cases above, compute and compare the molar solubilities of the three halides.

d) Consider that 0.50 M KNO3 was added to a solution of AgCl solid in equilibrium with its constituent species. Relative to the situation in water, would the solubility to be affected in the presence of electrolyte? Yes or No?

e) Finally, we add 0.50 M Ca(NO3)2 to the silver chloride suspension. Would the solubility to increase or decrease relatively to the KNO3 case above? Calculate to show the prediction.

p Ksp

Ksp

CuCl

6.73

1.9 x 10-7

AgCl

9.74

1.8 x 10-10

HgCl2

17.91

1.2 x 10-18

TlCl

3.74

1.8 x 10-4

PbCl2

4.78

1.7 x 10-5

Explanation / Answer

Ans. Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. Equilibrium is the state at which the concentrations of products and reactant are constant after the reaction has taken place. The solubility product constant Ksp describes the equilibrium between a solid and its constituent ions in a solution. The value of the constant identifies the degree to which the compound can dissociate in water. The higher the Ksp, the more soluble the compound is.

a) Ksp of CuCl > Ksp of AgCl and hence AgCl is less soluble than CuCl.

b) Similarly, CuCl is less soluble than PbCl2.

c) on the basis of Ksp, the order of solubility is

TiCl>PbCl2>CuCl>AgCl>HgCl2.

d) Yes, solubility will increase due KNO3 will react with AgCl to give KCl and AgNO3.

f) 2 AgCl (aq) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) ? 2AgNO3 (aq) + CuCl2 (aq) hence solubility will increase and more than KNO3 case. Because of 1 mole of Cu(NO3)2 will react with 2 mole of AgCl.

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