1. What is an ion? (2 points) 2. What are valence electrons? (2 points) 3. Write

Question

1. What is an ion? (2 points) 2. What are valence electrons? (2 points) 3. Write the Lewis dot structure for an aluminum (Al) atom. Circle the valence electrons. (2 pt) 4. What is the common charge 5 Name an ion having an electron configuration of 1#2s22p"? (2 points) on a sulfide ion? Why? (2 points)_ 6. What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond? (2 points) 7. The carbonate ion, Co, 2, has the electron dot structure shown below: (6 points) -2 There are 24 electrons in this structure. Where did they come from? a. C provided electron(s). 2. O's provided a total of electron(s)s, and 3. 4. There areshared electron pairs (bonding electrons) and electron(s) for the charge. pairs of unshared electrons in this ion. b. Circle (on the figure, above) any multiple bonds.

Explanation / Answer

1.

An ion is species that carries either positive or negative charge.

Ex: Na+ sodium ion cariees +1 unit of charge

2.

Electrons present in the last shell are called valence electrons.

Ex: Li ( Z = 3 ) E.C is 1s2 2s1

Number of valence electrons = 1 ( last shell is 2)

3.

Al ( Z = 13 ) Electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

Lewis dot structure indiates the valence electrons around the symbol of element.

So, Lewis dot structure of Al = .Al:           ( Al has 3 valence electrons)

4.

The common charge on S is = -2

Because S has 6 electrons in its valence shell to get octet electronic configurtion it gains 2 electrons.

5..

The ion is Na+ sodium ion , Mg2+ magnesium ion , aluminium ion Al3+

6.

Ionic bond: The electrostatic atrraction between positive and negative ions is called ionic bond.

Covalent bond: The bond formed by the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms.

7.

(a)

1. C = 4

2. O = 3 ( 6) = 18

3. Charge = 2

4. 4 shared pair and 8 unshared pair

(b) Yes there one multiple bond between C and any one of the oxygens.

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