Answer the questions in order please. Hypothetical newly discovered phase. Shown

Question

Answer the questions in order please.

Hypothetical newly discovered phase. Shown to the right is the phase diagram of the newly discovered material named X (the exact chemistry is not yet known). We do know how it behaves under various environmental conditions, however, scientists have managed to determine the following phase diagram of the compound X (shown below). The diagram shows the relationship of various phases (physical states) of X in response to the environmental conditions - pressure and temperature in this case. Let us assume that you have a container filled with this strange material X in a pressurized chamber with cameras to see inside the chamber. a) You observe that Solid A is slowly melting at 10 degree C, therefore, the pressure in the chamber has to be ____________ atm. Keeping the same pressure, you decide to heat this chamber until the liquid starts to solidify into _________ (Solid A/Solid B) and the temperature in the chamber would be _________ degree C. b) Now, you decide to randomly change the pressure and the temperature of your system, unfortunately, you indicators failed, so you cannot tell what conditions your pressure chamber is set at. However you notice that in one such attempt, you observe Solid B, Liquid and bubbles of gas all together. You instantly recognize that the chamber temperature has to be _______ degree C with a pressure of ___________ atm. c) In this phase diagram, the least dense phase ____________, while the phase with the highest density is ___________ d) The solid that will sink in the liguid X would be ______________ e) By heating and/or compressing, can one transform Solid A to Solid B without melting? If no, why not? _____________. If yes, how? ____________ f) Scientists found that the gas X is life-sustaining and can be used by scuba divers. Knowing that the pressure in the ocean increases at the rate of 1 bar every 10 meters depth, can you speculate if it would be safe for divers to use this gas X for breathing? If yes, why? ____________. If not, why not? __________________.

Explanation / Answer

a) 45 atm, Soild B, 65 degree celsius

b) 70 deree celsius, 30 atm

c) least density = X(Gas), highest density X(Liquids)

d) Solid A

e) No. There is liquid X phase of separation betweeen Solid A and Solid B due to which its not possible to tranform Solid A to Soild B without going through liquid phase or gas phase

f) No. the oxygen can stay in gas phase at 31 degree celsius with 73 atm pressure where as this new gas X will stay gas at 31 degree celsius till 10-11 atm. So this gas can't be safe. The gas will either turn is solid A or liquid X during diving.

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