GEOLOGY EXPERTS ONLY A) describe the underground mining methods of block caving
ID: 106403 • Letter: G
Question
GEOLOGY EXPERTS ONLYA) describe the underground mining methods of block caving and cut and fill stoping (10 marks)
b)Explain how fire can be used as an in-situ recovery method. List the advantages and disadvantages GEOLOGY EXPERTS ONLY
A) describe the underground mining methods of block caving and cut and fill stoping (10 marks)
b)Explain how fire can be used as an in-situ recovery method. List the advantages and disadvantages
A) describe the underground mining methods of block caving and cut and fill stoping (10 marks)
b)Explain how fire can be used as an in-situ recovery method. List the advantages and disadvantages
Explanation / Answer
A)Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are buried too far underground to be mined using surface mining methods. The primary objective of underground mining is to extract ore from underground as safely and economically as possible while producing as little waste or tailings as possible.
underground mining methods of block caving:
1)Block cave mining is a mass mining method that allows for the bulk mining of large, relatively lower grade, orebodies.
2)This method is increasingly being proposed for a number of deposits worldwide, thus the scope for a better understanding of block caving behaviour.
3)Because many existing large open-pit mines are also planning to extend their operations underground by block caving,
4)it is caving and extraction of a massive volume of rock .
5)Block caving has been applied to large scale extraction of various metals and minerals, sometimes in thick beds of ore but more usually in steep to vertical masses.
cut and fill stoping:
1) cut and fill stoping is a method of underground mining used in vertical stopes and in mining high-grade irregular ore bodies.
2)The rock mass surrounding the ore deposit is also usually weak—unable to support loads over an extended stoping height.
3) the name of the method implies, successive cutting of the ore into horizontal slices is carried out starting from the bottom of the stope and progressing upward, towards the surface.
4)This horizontal slicing leaves a void that is backfilled with material to provide support until all the ore is extracted from the mine.
B).in-situ recovery method.,Accessing the oil in these deposits requires a method of extraction that can work without having to remove the oil sands from the ground.
1) First, he tried forcing steam underground.
2) the steam would cause the oil to liquefy and separate from the sand, and that it could then be pumped out just just like conventional oil. When that did not work.
3) then pumped in and ignited kerosene to set the oil sands on fire underground.
4)He thought the heat would vapourize the surrounding oil, which could be captured, brought to the surface and condensed.
advantages :
1)The main advantage of using in-situ burning is that large volumes of oil (which are physically contained to the required slick thickness) can be removed rapidly from the surface of the land or water under ideal conditions.
2)A second advantage of in-situ burning is its relatively high burn efficiency.
3)A third advantage is that burning reduces the amount of oily wastes for collection and disposal.
disadvantages :
1) Evaporation affects the feasibility of both onland and on-water .
2)Emulsification is a very important weathering process for oil spills on water. It is the mixing of water droplets into oil, forming an emulsion. Many oils form emulsions containing 50% – 80% water. The presence of water in the emulsion prevents the oil from getting hot enough to burn.
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