Go to the NOAA, El Niño Southern Oscillation page and answer the following quest

Question

Go to the NOAA, El Niño Southern Oscillation page and answer the following questions: http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/

1)      Describe the ENSO impact on climate in North and South America (all three phases, El Nino, La Nina and Nuetral.)

2)      Describe the ENSO impact on climate in Australia and India (all three phases.)

3) Watch the video, “Developing the El Niño Observations System” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzBAWirHMvA&feature=youtu.be.

a) How are SST measures employed to determine and how it is used to predict ENSO phases (i.e. describe the TIO/TRITON Array)?

Explanation / Answer

2)      Describe the ENSO impact on climate in Australia and India

·         Reduced rainfall

·         Warmer temperatures

·         Shift in temperature extremes

·         Increased frost risk

·         Reduced tropical cyclone numbers

·         Later monsoon onset

·         Increased fire danger in southeast Australia

·         Decreased alpine snow depths

a) How are SST measures employed to determine and how it is used to predict

Although the exact initiating causes of an ENSO warm or cool event are not fully understood, the two components of ENSO – sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure are strongly related. During an El Niño event, the easterly trade winds converging across the equatorial Pacific weaken. This in turn slows the ocean current that draws surface water away from the western coast of South America and reduces the upwelling of cold, nutrient–rich water from the deeper ocean, flattening out thermocline the and allowing warm surface water to build in the eastern part of the basin.

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