/ Fall 2017 Mid-Term 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE, Choose the one alternativ e that best co

Question

/ Fall 2017 Mid-Term 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE, Choose the one alternativ e that best completes the statement or answers the question 1) What is a mantle plume? e magma that rises up from the mantle at a divergent plate boundary A) Th B) Material rising up from a subducting plate going through partial melting C) A form of batholith composed of ferromagnesian materials D) An upwelling of hot material from the Earth's interior that is cylindrical in shape 2) In order to cover such large expanses of seafloor, shield volcanoes erupt B) Rhyolitic 2) lava. D) Andesitic A) Basaltic C) Porphyritic 3) What is the name of the theory that describes the formation of the universe? 3) A) Big Bang Theory C) Solar Nebula Theory B) Theory of Gravitational Attraction D) Theory of Continental Drift 4) Which of the following is not part of the definition of a mineral? 4) A) Definite chemical composition C) Orderly crystalline structure B) Organic D) Naturally occurring 5) A is a submarine volcano. 5) A) Scamount B) Caldera C) Dome D) Scoria Cone 6) Ferromagnesian minerals are those that contain a great deal of A) Magnesium and Iron C) Manganese and Iron B) Calcium and Silicon D) Potassium and Aluminum 7) Which layer of the Earth is the thickest? A) Mantle B) Inner Core C) Crust D) Outer Core 8) The Ring of Fire is a narrow zone of composite cone volcanoes rimming the 8) Ocean. A) Atlantic B) Arctic C) Indian D) Pacific 9) What is the definition of the asthenosphere? 9) A) A soft, low-velocity layer in the Upper Mantle B) A portion of the atmosphere that blocks UV radiation C) The transition zone between the Mantle and the Outer Core D) The portion of the Hydrologic Cycle that describes how plants contribute their respiration 10) Which igneous texture has visible crystals that are only a few millimeters across? A) Aphanitic B) Pegmatitic C) Phaneritic D) Porphyritic 1) What type of lava is produced at a divergent plate boundary? A) Andesitic B) Rhyolitic C) Basaltic

Explanation / Answer

1.D, A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle. As the heads ofmantle plumes can partly melt when they reach shallow depths, they are thought to be the cause of volcanic centers known as hotspots and probably also to have caused flood basalts.

2.A These eruptions, the calmest of volcanic events, are characterized by the effusive emission of highly fluid basaltic lavas with low gaseous content.

3.A, During the first three minutes of the universe, the light elements were born during a process known as Big Bangnucleosynthesis.

4.B a mineral need not be organic.

5.A

6.A ferromagnesian minerals Silicate minerals in which cations of iron andmagnesium form essential chemical components

7.A

8.D The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

9.C the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.

10.C  any coarse-grained igneous rock, often intrusive, usually formed as a result of a longer cooling history

11.C

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