One: Causes of World War I Two: Why did this war quickly become a stalemate? Thr
ID: 115766 • Letter: O
Question
One: Causes of World War I Two: Why did this war quickly become a stalemate? Three: Why did industrialization and political mobilization become central to this protracted conflict? Which nations were most successful which ones were not? Four: How did the Bolshevik revolution in Russia transform world politics? Why did the Soviet Union become more attractive after 1929 for much of the world’s population? Five: How did the Great War transform European culture? Why did Sigmund Freud and avant-garde culture (especially surrealism) become so popular after 1918? Why were decorum, restraint, and morality no longer seen as central virtues in culture?
Explanation / Answer
1. The World War I occurred between July,1914 to November, 1918. The main causes behind this war were as follows:
i. Mutual defense alliances: This was one of the most important causes of the war. According to this, if any country was attacked by another, then the allied countries were bound to defend them. The alliances existed before the war:
a. Russia and Serbia
b. France and Russia
c. Japan and Britain
d. Britain and France and Belgium
e. Germany and Austria-hungary
ii. Imperialism : When a country increases its wealth and power by bringing extra territories under their control, this is called imperialism. Before the war, Africa and Asia were the contributor of raw materials among the European countries. The desire of increasing power and competition forced the world into the world war I.
iii.Militarism : In 1914, Germany and Great Britain incresed their military power by their navies. This military power pushed the countries into the war.
iv. Immediate cause : The immediate cause of the war was assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In 1914, the Black Hand, a Serbian-nationalist terrorist group assassinate the Archduke. This assassination declared war on Serbia. That time Germany declared war on Russia when Russia started to move with Serbia. Thus the war began involving all the alliances.
2. The war became a stalemate because neither side of the war able to gain any ground with the new strategy of digging trenches and hiding. It was not possible to attack with barbed wire that was hold out by the opposing countries.
3. The industrilization and political mobilization became the central to this conflict because the war centred on all nation's resources. Manpower followed by labour power had to be channeled. Particularly to provide guns, shells, airplanes and weapons numerous industries were built up that time. Agriculture also became an important part to supply food for soldiers and civilians and horses were used to move supplies.
The Allies (Britain, France, Italy, Russia, U.S) spent more than the Central Power ( Austria-Hungary, Germany, Turkey). Allies spent $147 billion whereas Central Power spent $61 billion only.
4. The Revolution of Russia took place in 1917 and the group of revolutionaries are called Bolshevik. This new communist government transformed the world politics by creating the country of Soviet Union. The war removed the Russia and created Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR). During the war Nicolas II was overthrown and the Bolshevik took the power.
After 1929, Soviet Union established the Stalinism, a period of rapid changes with development of heavy industries, agriculture and economic planning. By this way Soviet Union became more attractive for much of the world's population.
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