What are the major types of planets? How are they distributed in the Solar Syste

Question

What are the major types of planets? How are they distributed in the Solar System? What characteristics do these types share?

Where do the Jovian planets get their internal energy?

What does the atmosphere/cloud appearance (belts, zones, ‘spots’) tell us about the structure of the atmo-

sphere and the interior of a jovian planet?

Why can storms persist for very long periods of time (hundreds of years) on the jovian planets?

How does liquid metallic hydrogen differ from ‘normal’ hydrogen?

What is required to form liquid metallic hydrogen?

Explanation / Answer

Three types of planets exists in our solar system these are:

The rocky or terrestrial planets are nearest to the sun while the gas giants are in between terrestrial and ice giants while the ice giants constitues the last part of our solar system and since they are farther to the sun hence they are icy in nature.

Mercury's cratered surface can reach upwards of 800 degrees fahrenheit because of its proximity to the sun and its slow rotation. Venus' cratered surface of the planet is hot, with surface temperatures around 900 degrees fahrenheit and since it is very near to earth hence it appears to be largest planet to us. Earth have atmosphere and all other conditions necessary for life's survival. Mars is sometimes known as Red planet because of iron oxide present in its surface.It is also characterized by dust storms, large volcanoes and deep valleys. Recent research also gave various evidences of water on Mar's surface. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. Its colored cloud patterns are caused by enormous, swirling storms in its atmosphere. Saturn is the sixth planet in our solar system it has extensive and complex set of rings orbit the planet in a thin band. Uranus spins on a plane with the orbit of the sun. It is made of a large atmosphere of methane with a dense core of frozen methane. Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun and hence one year on Neptune is 165 Earth years.

The jovian planets get their heat from the Sun and from their interiors.

The atmosphere/cloud appearance (belts, zones, ‘spots’) tell us about the structure of the atmosphere as the planets with low acceleration due to gravity cannot hold the gasses and hence they don't have atmosphere. Colored cloud patterns are caused by enormous, swirling storms in its atmosphere. Different amounts of hydrogen and helium gas from the solar nebula which is also responsible for the heat.

Storms persist for very long periods of time (hundreds of years) on the jovian planets because they are far away from sun hence their angular velocity is high due to which the storms persist for very long periods.

liquid metallic hydrogen is a kind of degenerate matter, a phase of hydrogen which behaves like an electrical conductor. At high pressure and temperatures, metallic hydrogen might exist as a liquid rather than a solid, and researchers think it is present in large quantities in the hot and gravitationally compressed interiors of Jupiter and Saturn.

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