PLEASE help with all questions!! Having a hard time.. Thank you 1. The overall c
ID: 116927 • Letter: P
Question
PLEASE help with all questions!! Having a hard time.. Thank you
1. The overall circulation pattern of surface winds about the strong low-pressure center from the Great Lakes region into the Mississippi River Valley as seen from above was generally ________. This pattern was a result of the combination of forces including friction at Earth’s surface.
[ ] counterclockwise and inward
[ ] counterclockwise and outward
[ ] clockwise and inward
[ ] clockwise and outward
2. The highest surface wind speeds at map time were along the region of strongest horizontal pressure gradient across the High Plains States. The wind speed at Minneapolis in eastern Minnesota, and Kansas City, Missouri (western Missouri), was about ________ knots.
[]5
[] 10
[] 15
[] 20
3. Surface wind directions at stations near isobars were generally oriented ________ to their nearby isobars. These wind patterns were a result of the combination of horizontal forces acting on air near the surface, including the horizontal pressure gradient, Coriolis, and friction forces.
[ ] parallel
[ ] at an angle
Maps of upper-atmospheric conditions are made twice each day, at 00Z and 12Z, from data gathered by rawinsonde (radiosondes tracked for wind information) soundings. Those upper air maps and Stuve diagrams displayed on the RealTime Weather Portal are created from the radiosonde instruments launched by weather balloons from about 70 stations across the continental U.S. and Canada/Mexico. The radiosonde data displayed on Stuve diagrams were introduced in Investigations 2B and 5B previously.
On an upper-air map, the temperature, dewpoint, height, and wind data from a station’s rawinsonde report at a specific pressure are plotted around each station location (at the forward end of the wind arrow) in an upper-air station model format, as discussed in the introduction of Investigation 8B and the User’s Guide, linked from the Extras section in the RealTime Weather Portal.
Conditions at 500-mb are in the middle troposphere above the conditions shown on a surface weather map for the same time. Weather systems extend well into the troposphere and a three-dimensional understanding of them is necessary for making accurate weather forecasts. Figure 2 is the 500-mb constant-pressure map for 12Z 24 OCT 2017, the upper-air conditions over the coterminous U.S. and adjacent areas of Canada and Mexico at the same time as the surface conditions shown on the Figure 1 map.
4. Recalling that the heights plotted at individual stations on 500-mb maps are in tens of meters (place a 0 to the right of the three plotted digits), the coded height at Great Falls, in western Montana, (“584”) indicated 500 mb occurred at ________ meters above sea level.
[] 584
[ ] 5,480
[ ] 5,840
[ ] 58,400
5. On the 500-mb map, the plotted report for Great Falls shows that, at the 500-mb pressure level over the station, the temperature was ________ °C.
[] –14
[] –15
[] –19
[] –21
6. The dewpoint at 500 mb over Great Falls was ________ °C.
[] –14
[] –15
[] –19
[] –21
7. The wind at Great Falls was generally from the northwest at about________ knots. [Note: When winds of 50 knots or greater are reported, a pennant is used on the station’s wind shaft for a 50-kt increment along with the appropriate number of long and short “feathers.”]
[] 15
[] 25
[] 35
[] 55
The following data were from rawinsonde reports from different stations along the 500-mb level on 12Z 24 OCT 2017 (note that temperature, dewpoint, and wind speed values were rounded when plotted on the map).
Table 1. 500 millibar rawinsonde observations of height, temperature, dewpoint, wind direction and speed from selected U.S. stations for 1200Z 24 OCT 2017. Numeric wind directions are noted as degrees clockwise from North (0/360) (e.g., South wind is 180°, West is 270°, etc.).
8. From Table 1, consider stations A, B, and C located on the 500-mb map: One station in western New York, another in north-central New Mexico, and yet another in eastern Wisconsin. Examining those stations’ data on the map identifies Station A in Table 1 to be ________, Station B to be ________, and Station C to be ________.
[ ] Albuquerque, NM; Green Bay, WI; Buffalo, NY
[ ] Buffalo, NY; Green Bay, WI; Albuquerque, NM
[ ] Albuquerque, NM; Buffalo, NY; Green Bay, WI
[ ] Green Bay, WI; Buffalo, NY; Albuquerque, NM
9. The station identified in Table 1 with the highest height and warmest temperature was ________.
[ ] Albuquerque, NM
[ ] Buffalo, NY
[ ] Green Bay, WI
The pattern of 500-mb heights (heights above sea level where the air pressure is 500 mb as found by radiosondes at that time) can be shown by contour lines on Figure 2. To better visualize the contour pattern on the Figure 2 map, highlight/annotate the blue 5760-m contour by tracing your finger (or pencil) over it. [The 5760-m contour has labels starting in coastal British Columbia (Canada). The adjacent 5700 m and 5820 m contours to its north and south are clearly shown in Texas and Oklahoma.]
10. The contour pattern of the 500-mb map has ________.
[ ] a deep trough from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico
[ ] an amplified ridge across the eastern two-thirds of the country
[ ] generally straight west-east flow across the central U.S.
11. Compare the surface (Figure 1) and 500 mb (Figure 2) wind speeds in a general west-east band across the middle of the country at the same locations at 12Z 24 OCT 2017. The wind speed comparison shows that as altitude in the atmosphere increases, wind speeds generally ________. This relationship results in part from the absence of friction in the middle and upper atmosphere.
[ ] decrease
[ ] remain the same
[ ] increase
12. The 500-mb map (Figure 2) also shows that, where contour lines are relatively close, such as across the U.S. Plains States, wind speeds are relatively ________ compared to where contour lines are more widely spaced. This principle corresponds to the similar relationship between the spacing of isobars and wind speeds on surface maps.
[ ] faster
[ ] slower
13. At upper levels, the wind directions are also related to the contours. That is, especially where winds are relatively fast, the winds are generally ________.
[ ] “parallel” to the contours
[ ] directed across the contours at large angles
The absence of friction at upper levels means that flow is controlled mainly by the pressure gradient and Coriolis forces. Therefore, winds generally flow along the contours on upper level maps as opposed to the inward circulations within Lows and outward within Highs seen on surface maps. Compare these 500-mb flows to those seen on the Figure 1 surface map.
14. Using the 500-mb station values from Table 1 as well as the contour pattern, compare the reported station heights at Albuquerque, in north-central New Mexico, Buffalo in western New York, and Green Bay in eastern Wisconsin. The 500-mb height was lowest over ________.
[ ] Albuquerque
[ ] Buffalo
[ ] Green Bay
15. Compare the temperatures for Stations A, B, and C in Table 1. As you recall from Investigation 5B, the relation of column temperatures to heights of pressure surfaces was examined using conceptual “pressure blocks.” The 500-mb temperature, reflective of the temperature of the column beneath that level, was lowest at ________.
[ ] Albuquerque
[ ] Buffalo
[ ] Green Bay
16. The station identified in item #15 ________ coincide with the lowest height of the three stations identified in Table 1 at 500 mb.
[ ] did
[ ] did not
17. Upper air features result from cooler temperatures in the air column between the surface and 500 mb. The lowest 500-mb heights are generally associated with ________ latitude stations. However, when there is a highly amplified wave pattern, as in Figure 2, that latitude correlation may not hold true. Nashville, TN, Green Bay, WI, and International Falls, MN are located along a similar north-south axis, but in Figure 2 Green Bay has the lower height at 500-mb of pressure, despite being located south (lower latitude) of International Falls.
[ ] higher
[ ] lower
ONLINE-CWS 8B-2-FL17 12Z 24 OCT 2017 Isobars, Fronts. Radar& Data Fronts at 09Z 032 016 10 £22o 61 327 37 392 23 6 283 2 2 27 3 32 11 069 32 3193 35 3 49 1 73 5 4B 288 39 31 57 61 250 1377 211 011 75 1014 102 ND NCEP/NWS/NOAA NATIONAL 2 KM BASE REFLECT 0.00 DEG Blue Isobars (4 mb) Figure 1. - Analyzed NCEP weather map with Isobars, Radar & Data for 12Z 24 October 2017. Fronts were analyzed three hours prior to other dataExplanation / Answer
Answer:1
Clockwise and outward, because pressure moves from high to low and blue front shows the outward flow.
Answer:2
15 knots, as the state shows this speed. in given map.
Answer:3
At an angle, as they are with some angles to nearby isobars.
Answer:4
5840, as we can see in the given map.
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