D. What are the key properties we use to identify minerals? E.G., Color/Streak,
ID: 117915 • Letter: D
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D. What are the key properties we use to identify minerals? E.G., Color/Streak, hardness, density, luster, cleavage, crystal form or habit, chemical properties (e.g., reacting with acid), magnetic properties. As an example, be prepared to compare& contrast diamond & graphite with respect to chemical composition (both pure C),crystal structure, physical properties, value and uses, where and how they form. E. F. What determines the value of minerals to human society? Usefulness and scarcity or abundance. G. What are the most abundant elements in Earth's crust? (esp. Si and O) H. What is the fundamental building block of the most common group of minerals? (The silica tetrahedron) And how is the silica tetrahedron arranged to make minerals? Know the most widespread and important families of minerals L. 1. The Silicates- esp. olivine, quartz and the feldspars, the micas 2. The carbonate minerals-esp. calcite & dolomite 3· The evaporate minerals-eg., gypsum and rock salt(halite-NaCl) 4· The oxides-eg.. hematite (FeO), magnetite(FeO) 5. The sulfide minerals-eg.pyrite (Fe S). galena (PbS) 6. Native elements-e.g. gold (Au), silver (Ag), and graphite or diamond (C) J. What are some of the environmental and health impacts of mineral exploitation? For example, Asbestos. What is "asbestos" and bow and why is it dangerous? Why are some types more dangerous than others? K. What is acid mine drainage, and how does it occur? (Relate to the sulfide ore minerals or sulfide-rich coal). 2,290 P11 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12Explanation / Answer
D. hardness, cleavage, lusture and streak are the key properties of identify the minerals. These properties are physical and can be easily assesed easily . the other factors like chemical composition , magnetic prporty density etc are confirming properties.
E. with respect to chemical composition both graphite and diamond have same composition , purely carbon. But thier crystalographic arrangements are different . In the sense, diamond forms three dimensional networks of covalent bonds , which makes it teh hardest substance on the earth. while graphite forms a layer like structute of carbons interlinked byy weak van der Waals forces. The crystal structure of diamond is isometric , specialy known as diamond cubic , while taht of graphite is rhombohedral. Hence diamond has avery high density compared o graphite. The value of graphite is $500 and $1,000 per tonne, while of diamond is tens of thousands of dollars.
Adding diamond dust to a diamond polishing wheel. The most common uses for diamonds outside of fine jewelry are for industrial applications. Because diamonds are so strong , they are extremely effective at polishing, cutting, and drilling. Because it is a solid material, it is known as a dry lubricant. This is useful in applications where “wet” lubricants, such as oil, cannot be used. Graphite is the only non-metal element that is a good conductor of electricity. Natural graphite is used mostly in what are called refractory applications.
Diamond forms deep in mantle rocks and are emplaced through lambrophyeres and kimberlites, while graphite forms in high metamorphic areas of increased crustal thickness. it is formed by reduction of sedimentary carbons during high metamorphism.Most natural diamonds are formed at high temperature and pressure at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers (87 to 118 mi) in the Earth's mantle. Carbon-containing minerals provide the carbon source, and the growth occurs over periods from 1 billion to 3.3 billion year.
F. in a way both usefullness and abundance of the minerals determine the economic impotance of it . The economic value of an industrial mineral commodity is affected by bulk, unit value and location relative to markets.Determined by economic importance, military necessity and accessibility to the mineral. What might be an economic mineral for one country may not be so for another. Hence most mineral utility indexesa re detrmined in a national scale. minerals of high demand and low abundances would ahve larger value for the market. but if a mineral is very abundant has less utility it would have nil or very less value. Those which are very usefull and very less abundant would be of high value and precious like teh gold and diamonds.
G. the most abundant elements of the earth crust are oxygen , silicon ,aluminium, iron , calcium, pottasium, sodium and magnesium.
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