slopes and subsidence slopes and subsidence slopes and subsidence 236 Slopes and

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slopes and subsidence slopes and subsidence slopes and subsidence 236 Slopes and Subsidence C. Causes of slope failure Living on the edge-It should cose as Figure 13.4 Loading no surprise to anyone that loading a tenuous site with a home or building can trigger slope failure (Fig. 13.4) failore Watering by rainfall (or via a garden hose) is loading as well. 13.2 Assume the following (a) One eu ft of dirt weighs 60 Ibs. Loading (b) The average density of the grains that comprise the dirt is 2.0 (c) The porosity (ie., open space) within the dirt is 50% of volume. (d) Rainwater completely occlades porosity (iLe., fills the open space). Question: What is the weight of the saturated cu ft of dirt? Hint: In order to adswer this question, you must know the density of water. 013.3 Beginning with dry dirt, there is a second effect resulting from watering-in addition to loading-that promotes slope failure What do you suppose that second effect is? Hint: One word will do. Roads commonly follow valleys, with Stream - roads carved along hillsides above igure 13.5 stream courses (Fig. 13.5) Carving a 13.4 (A) Measure the natural way from a valley slope in Figure 13.5A. (If you don't wall commonly have a protractor, you can make a steepens an quick-copy transparency of the one already penilous on page iüi in the front of this manual.) What is the term in Figure 13.1 that most closely matches this Road added magnitude of slope? (B) Measure the modified slope in Figure 13.5B What is the term (in Figure 13.1) that most closely matches this The National Landslide Information Center is at http:/igldage.cr.usgs.gov.

Explanation / Answer

Q13.2: Answer: By the question, dry weight of dust is 60lbs and total volume is 1 cubic feet.

Density of water is 62.42 lbs/cf, porosity filled water weight 0.5*62.42 lbs = 31.21 lbs.

Saturated dust weight = 60+31.21 = 91.21 lbs (Answer)

Q13.3: Answer: watering due to precipitation can trigger slope failure.

Q13.4: Answer: a) slope angle 30°, slope gradient= 0.58, b) slope angle = 45°, slope gradient = 1

Q13.5: Answer: Seasonal river can also undercut the strata. A sudden surge in the flow can erode the slope area.

Q13.6: Answer: Southern wall had high slope gradient with loose material. The downward direction also follows structural dip. Thus, it has also structural effect and gliding took place.

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