Select and describe one example of antibiotic resistance or pesticide resistance

Question

Select and describe one example of antibiotic resistance or pesticide resistance. Be specific in your choice.
Describe the background for your choice of resistance. Include details about the disease or pest and the established control strategies. How have we used antibiotics (to treat a particular disease), or pesticides (to protect from a pest); and how has this changed?
Explain how the resistant trait evolved based on principles of natural selection and evolution of a trait at the population level.
For your specific example, what are the consequences of resistance in terms of human health or crop loss / damage?
What steps can be taken to prevent or slow down the evolution of antibiotic or pesticide resistance? Do you think we will succeed in doing so? Why or why not?
Provide references in APA format

Explanation / Answer

1. Without giving You the Answer. Use MRSA as an example. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. You can use the internet and look it up. 2. Natural selection basically means that if you are preadapted to a situation you will survive. It is frequently part of the skin flora found in the nose and on skin, and in this manner about 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of staphylococci to cause Staph infections. One of the reasons for this is a carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin that is responsible for the characteristic golden colour of S. aureus colonies. This pigment acts as a virulence factor, with an antioxidant action that helps the microbe evade death by reactive oxygen species used by the host immune system If you continously use an antibiotic or are always asking your doc for antibiotics, these meds will eventually not work for you. If just a few of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic or better yet hand sanitizer, and survive the treatment and continue to reproduce. the new population of bacteria will be resistant 3.For your specific example, what are the consequences of resistance in terms of human health or crop loss / damage? Pests survive and kill our crops. Human loss and damage - less food means fewer mouths are fed, a particular problem for third-world countries that still don't have enough food. Pesticide resistance will also mean that our food might be contaminated with these pests AND the pesticides used to treat them - a double problem that studies are beginning to indicate might contribute to higher rates or earlier onsets of cancer. 4.What steps can be taken to prevent or slow down the evolution of antibiotic or pesticide resistance? Do you think we will succeed in doing so? Why or why not? Pest resistance to a pesticide can be managed by reducing selection pressure by this pesticide on the pest population. In other words, the situation when all the pests except the most resistant ones are killed by a given chemical should be avoided. This can be achieved by avoiding unnecessary pesticide applications, using non-chemical control techniques, and leaving untreated refuges where susceptible pests can survive. 4. Will this succeed? According to evolutionary principles, no - not in the long run. Pesticide resistance will never "end" because it can never be "wiped" from the gene pool until all pests are eliminated - which will never happen

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