uestion 1 (10 points) Which of the following statements correctly describes char

Question

uestion 1 (10 points)

Which of the following statements correctly describes characteristics of seismic surface and body waves?

Question 1 options:

Surface waves travel in rocks and sediment near Earth's surface and travel faster than body waves

Surface waves travel in the air, just above Earth's surface and travel slower than body waves

Body waves travel through Earth's interior and travel faster than surface waves

Body waves travel through Earth's interior and travel slower that surface waves

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Question 2 (10 points)

The figure below is a plot of strength versus depth through continental crust. Which of the following statements is true?

Question 2 options:

A rock experiencing a path from 1 to 2 will first experience elastic deformation and then brittle deformation.

A rock experiencing a path from 1 to 2 will undergo brittle deformation the entire time.

A rock experiencing a path from 1 to 2 will first experience brittle deformation and then elastic deformation.

A rock experiencing a path from 1 to 3 will undergo brittle deformation the entire time

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Question 3 (10 points)

Earthquake distributions around the world are not random; rather they are largely restricted to plate boundaries as shown in the attached figure. What type of faults are most likely found at each of the locations labeled 1, 2, and 3?

Question 3 options:

strike-slip, normal, reverse

reverse, strike-slip, normal

normal, strike-slip, reverse

reverse, reverse, normal

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Question 4 (10 points)

What is the difference between the Richter Magnitude and the Modified Mercalli Intensity scales?

Question 4 options:

The Richter scale is a numeric scale that requires specific equipment to measure earthquake magnitude while the Mercalli scale uses observations of destruction to assign numeric intensity values to earthquakes

The Richter scale uses observations of destruction to assign numeric intensity values while the Mercalli scales uses specific equipment to measure and calculate the earthquake magnitude

The Richter and Mercalli scales are both numeric intensity scales that require specific, but different equipment to measure earthquake magnitude

The Mercalli and Richter scales both require a combination of equipment and human observations that allow a geologist to calculate earthquake damage

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Question 5 (10 points)

The four diagrams pictured below show the ground motions caused by different types of seismic waves. Which diagram shows the ground motion corresponding to the type of seismic waves that arrive first on a seismogram? Assume that the seismic waves are propagating (traveling) from left to right in all cases.

Question 5 options:

A

B

C

D

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Question 6 (10 points)

What is the approximate distance to the epicenter of the earthquake that was recorded on the seismogram below. How many more records (seismograph stations) would be needed to determine the location of the epicenter? (Note: the time versus distance plot is illustrated a little differently from the one you used in the Earthquake activity)

Question 6 options:

~2500 km; 2

~3000 km; 1

~3500 km; 2

~4000 km; 3

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Question 7 (10 points)

What is the difference in the amount of shaking between an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 5.5 and an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 8.5?

Question 7 options:

3

30

96

1000

32768

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Question 8 (10 points)

What type of deformation is occurring in this image? (Clay pot)

Question 8 options:

Elastic Deformation

Ductile Deformation

Brittle Deformation

Fault Deformation

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Question 9 (10 points)

An earthquake occurred on the Erie Fault 5 km below Leesburg. Damage from the earthquake was greatest in nearby Purcellville. The farthest report of shaking was recorded in Lucketts. Where was the earthquake's epicenter?

Question 9 options:

The Erie Fault

Leesburg

Purcellville

Lucketts

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Question 10 (10 points)

Two neighboring houses are at an equal distance from the epicenter of an earthquake. One rests on granite bedrock, the other on reclaimed land created by the pushing of loose sediment into an oceanic bay. Which house is more likely to be damaged and why?

Question 10 options:

The house on granite bedrock because the seismic waves travel faster through such a strong, compact rock type, enhancing the vibrations the house will endure

The house on reclaimed land because all earthquakes trigger tsunami waves that will destroy the house

The house on granite bedrock because granite always undergoes brittle deformation, creating cracks that will form under the house, causing it to collapse

The house on reclaimed land because seismic shaking is amplified in loose sediments like these. Additionally, such water-saturated sediments are prone to liquefaction, which would undermine the houses foundation

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Surface waves travel in rocks and sediment near Earth's surface and travel faster than body waves

Surface waves travel in the air, just above Earth's surface and travel slower than body waves

Body waves travel through Earth's interior and travel faster than surface waves

Body waves travel through Earth's interior and travel slower that surface waves

Explanation / Answer

1) Answer: Body waves travel through Earth's interior and travel faster than surface waves

Note: P and S waves (primary and secondary waves) are called as body waves. Body waves travel through  inner layers of the earth.Both P and S waves travel faster than surface waves.

4) The Richter scale is a numeric scale that requires specific equipment to measure earthquake magnitude while the Mercalli scale uses observations of destruction to assign numeric intensity values to earthquakes

Note:Richter Scale is an absolute value numeric scale. Mercalli scale takes into consideration the responses of the people and the damage caused by an earthquake to assign numeric intensity values to earthquakes.

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