(a)The most economical, practical method for transporting coal that is in genera

Question

(a)The most economical, practical method for transporting coal that is in general use is by
1. ship or barge.

2. unit trains.

3. trucks.

4. coal slurry pipeline.

5. converting the coal to electricity and transmitting the electricity where needed.

(b)The fastest and largest change in the demand for coal in the United States occurred

1. in the 1970's when nuclear power replaced coal for generating electricity.

2. in the depression when coal to heat homes was replaced by natural gas.

3. in the period after World War II when the steel industry adopted the electric arc furnace.

4. in the period after World War II when the railroads converted from coal to diesel powered locomotives.

5. in the 1960's when the electric utilities replaced fuel oil with coal to generate electricity.

(c)The two major trends in the technology of coal production have been the increased use of mechanization in mining and the shift to a greater share of production from underground mines. Ture?Flase?

(d)The decline in US coal mining productivity that has occurred after the year 2000 has been caused by

1. a variety of factors that have not been identified.

2. the Mine Health and Safety Act of 1999 that requires mines to operate much more safely.

3. state laws that limit the work effort of coal laborers for health reasons.

4. lawsuits against coal mining filed by various environmental groups.

5. the Clean Water Act of 2000 that requires coal mines to spend much effort cleaning all water discharges.

(f)According to the table of coal mining fatalities in the United States, the fatality rate was 4.76 per thousand workers in the year with the highest total fatalities. In 2009, the fatality rate was 0.135 per thousand workers. Ture?Flase?

Explanation / Answer

1. trucks 3. false.(greater share has been towards opencast)

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