How does the elevated S-T segment help with patient diagnosis? Why is he experie

Question

How does the elevated S-T segment help with patient diagnosis?
Why is he experiencing tachycardia?
how can being hypotensive be damaging to the rest of the body?
Why does he have increased levels of troponin and creatine kinase?
Explain why nitroglycerin, beta blocker, morphine and aspirin were all given to the patient. A 49 year old male school teacher is a 2 pack/day smoker and has a diet of fried foods everyday and does not exercise and also has a history of hypertension, high cholesterol (LDL), diabetes mellitus and obesity, and a family history of coronary artery disease. He was awakened from his sleep at 3:00am with crushing chest pain which radiated to his left arm and was accompanied by shortness of breath and he complained to his wife he was nauseated. When paramedics arrived, they found the patient cool, clammy, tachycardia and hypotensive. On the arrival in the emergency department at the hospital, the patient was in considerable distress. His blood work showed increased levels of troponin and creatine kinase and electrocardiogram (EKG) showed ST-segment elevation, further test were done that showed a blockage in his right coronary artery. The patient was treated with nitroglycerin, morphine, beta blocker and aspirin.

Explanation / Answer

1.The elevation in S-T segment electrocardiogram may result in myocardial infarcation,early polarization,pericarditis,hyperkalemia,pulmonary embolism etc.According to different elevation ,diagnosis will also differentiate.For example if the person is suffering from myocardial infarcation according to the  S-T segment elevation, he can be further diagnosed for cardiac markers test.

2 reasons for tachycardia is increase or decrease in blood pressure levels,heart failure,coronary heart diseases etc.Here in this case he has a family history of all these conditions for which it may be genetically carried to him.

3.Hypotensive is nothing but low blood pressure,it causes blurred vision,fainting,nausea,fatigue,dizziness.It results in life threatening conditions pale skin,rapid shallow breathing,weak and rapid pulse which leads to heart failuretoo.

4.Increased level of troponin and creatinine kinase shows that he has myocardial infarcationand other heart conditions..Myoglobin is found in cardiac and skeletal muscles.It is released more rapidly from infarcated myocardium .

5.Morphine,aspisrin ,betablocker and nitroglycerin are given to the patient who is characterised with the symptoms of acute coronary syndromes to decrease pain and anxiety.

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