For questi 4, refer to the following: Assume that, as with almost all humans, th

Question

For questi 4, refer to the following: Assume that, as with almost all humans, the company of people is naturally pleasurable to you. Given this assumption, you experience an intense, physical and emotional relationship with someone. During this relationship only, you frequently hear a song on the radio that you associate with your lover (boyfriend or girlfriend, husband or wife). A) unconditional response B) unconditional stimulus C) conditional response D) conditional stimulus i. The song on the radio is (circle one: A, B, C, or D) 2. The pleasurable emotional response elicited by your lover is (A, B, C, or D) 3. Your lover is (A, B, C, or D) 4. The pleasurable emotional response elicited by the song on the radio is (A, B, C, or D) 5. Which type of memory, short term or long term, will ikely be lost once a person experiences head trauma (e.g, severe blow to the head) ? 6. Briefly discuss one difference between Spearman's general intelligence (g) and Sternberg's triarchic approach to the nature of human intelligence 7. In classical conditioning, what is extinction? 8. Briefly discuss one primary or meaningful difference between positive reinforcement and punishment.

Explanation / Answer

To understand the question from 1 to 4 you should understand the terminologies related to classical conditioning. Firstly, conditioning is 'to learn' something. If someone tells you i am conditioning myself to like something, it means they are trying TO LEARN to like something.

Now, Unconditional means not learned. Stimulus refers to something which elicit our senses- touch, hear,feel etc and this stimuli evokes a Response. Now, Unconditional Stimuli casuses a physiological response, which is not learnt. As the question start by saying that most humans NATURALLY find other people pleasure, which means it is not learnt, it is natural to us.

In the example given:

There is song which plays on a radio. There is a lover who shows pleasurable responses to you. Intially, The song becomes the "Neutral Stimuli", this is experienced by either seeing, tasting and in this example we are hearing it. The lovers and his pleasurable response is the Unconditional Situmulus because it is a trigging a response in you to responsd back in an emotionally pleasurable response. THis Process is innate and therefore Unconditional.

Now you are in a relationship and the song on the radio plays repeatedly. When, the song and the lovers pleasurable response takes place together it forms a "Trial". When this trial takes place you make an Unconditional Response (Show emotional response). As this happens repeatedly, you associate the song to the your emotional response. So even when you ONLY listen to the song you show emotional response. So the answers will be

Ans 1. Conditioned Stiumulus

Ans 2. Unconditional Stimulus

Ans 3. Unconditional Stimulus

Ans 4. Conditional Response

Ans 5. The short - term memory is more effect by brain trauma.

Ans 6. The main difference between Spearmen's G factory theory and Sternberg's Triachic theory of intelligence is:

1. Spearmen is of a view that intelligence can be understood through a single general factor which is made up of set of specific factors. If these specific factors are test on a mental ability test, then it will measure a single type of mental ability i.e. G factor. While, Sternberg was of a view that Intelligence is made up of different aspects, which are Practical, Creative and Analytical Ability and these not contribute to a general factor, but is more complicated than that.

2. Spearmen concluded the gfactor and specific factor through factor-analytical studies. While Sternbgerg's theory was not based on it. Sternberg's theory is a part of intergrative approach of intelligence, while Spearmen's theory comes under factor-analytical approach of intelligence.

Ans 7. Extinction means when the COnditional stimulus is presented without the unconditional Stimulus, so eventually when only conditional response is not able to elicit the conditional Response. If a dog is given food after a bell ringing he gets excited. So when the bell rings (CS)without the food (UCS)being presented everytime, eventually the bell ring cant elicit excitment(CR) in the dog.

Ans 8.

The difference between Positive reinforcement and punishment is

1. By reinforcing a particular behavior you are increasing the probability of the behavior to occur again. For example- If a child shares his things with his friends, the parents appreicates the behavior by giving a candy or some other way. This reinforcement that is positive in nature and enhance a behvior is positive reinforcement. While, Punishment is an act of reducing the probability of a behavior to occur again. For example, if a child kicks his peer, he is not allowed to play his favourite activity for a week. This way of learning is punishment.

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