According to Bandura, a child who is spanked by a parent for misbehaving will pr

Question

According to Bandura, a child who is spanked by a parent for misbehaving will probably react in what way to their own children when they misbehave?

Choose one of Bandura’s methods used to allow immoral conduct, and provide an example

Thinking of Bandura’s research on modeling and observational learning, discuss how news and entertainment media might have an impact on individuals who view them?

Identify one theorist and explain his most prominent contribution to learning theory in no less than 5 complete sentences.

Explanation / Answer

Answer-1- Spanking a child is very common among parents. They generally think that spanking is necessary to make a child disciplined and to correct his mistakes. But this not true. Albert Bandura conducted an experiment to know the effect of spanking on a child's personality. He found that the people who spank their children were themselves spanked by their parents. He concluded that a child who is spanked by his parents has chances to develop aggression, violence and depression and will probably spank his own children when they misbehave.

Answer-2- Modeling is used by Bandura to learn moral and immoral conduct. He conducted an experiment known as Bobo Doll Experiment. In this experiment, two situations were provided. One group of children were shown the aggressive behaviour of adults towards some toys and dolls while another group was shown non aggressive behaviour of adults. The children who observed the aggressive behaviour of their adults also behaved aggressively with the dolls because they were rewarded for it. The children who were not rewarded did not show aggression towards dolls. So we can say that Bandura observational learning allow immoral conduct through modeling.

For example, when children watch their favourite cartoon or superhero on TV, they are greatly influenced by their behaviour. They try to copy them. If they watch their aggressive behaviour, they also behave aggressively in the same situation.

Answer-3- by keeping in mind Bandura's research on modeling and observational learning, we find a great impact of news and entertainment media on the personality of people. These means of entertainment affect us in both ways positively and negatively. People know that whatever they are watching is not true but their mind is influenced by it and they imitate the behaviour of their favourite characters. Children follow their favourite cartoon characters and video games characters. Their personality is affected by it. The news and entertainment media help in social and emotional development of an individual. The various qualities of their personalities are affected by these resources.

Answer-4- B.F. Skinner contributed a lot in the field of learning by giving his theory of operant conditioning. Skinner gave an important term based on THorndike's law of effect which is known as reinforcement. According to Skinner the reinforced behaviour of a stimulus is repeated and strengthened. Skinner included positive and negative reinforcement, punishement and schedules of reinforcement to know the different aspect of learning.Skinner also focussed on behaviour shaping and behaviour modification. Skinner provide us a scientific point of view of behaviourism and learning.

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