An application of spectra produced by a diffraction grating is in astrophysics,

Question

An application of spectra produced by a diffraction grating is in astrophysics, where the Doppler shift of a particular galaxy can be measured to determine the velocity of the galaxy with respect to us. If the red hydrogen line in the galaxy's spectrum is observed at 674 nm instead of 658 nm, first think about whether that means the galaxy is moving toward us or away from us. Then, recalling that the Doppler equation for electromagnetic waves states that the magnitude of the shift in frequency associated with relative motion between a source and observer is

|f?' ? f| = vf/c,

Explanation / Answer

Since the wavelength is decreasing , so galaxy moves closer.

the equation given in the question appears as , |f?' ? f| = vf/c

can you please clarify what symbols goes there in place of those question marks .

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