QUESTION 13 Organelles slime Layer axial flament plasma membrane, spores pi A. s

Question

QUESTION 13 Organelles slime Layer axial flament plasma membrane, spores pi A. selectively permeable phopholipid bilayer which medates access to the cell trouh ditusion osmosis, acci B bundes of fibrils which arise at one end of a bacterium and spiral around the entire ceil provide"coew ol C usualily found as one or two per cell, ublized to join baceria to facil the eharge of geneic macerial duinghe D Highly durable, dehydrated cells with a thick membraneicell wall coreaining a copy of the cell DiA primarily found n spirochetes. process known as "conjeation among Gram positeive bacteria, Highly resistant to dehydration, radation sis usualily secreced by a number of cells, not distingishable to any one cel plasma membrane QUESTION 14 The essencial difference beween the experiments of Needham and Spalancani w .Spallensani sealed his flask prior to heatingi o 2 Spalantani tailed to seal his fask o 4 Spalinacani poured the heated broth into a contaminated beaker QUESTION 15 Which phase of celu respiracion is ALWAYS anaerobc?

Explanation / Answer

Answer 13.

Plasma membrane - A. Selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer, which mediates access to the cell through diffusion, osmosis, active transport etc.

It is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment.

Axial filaments - B. Bindles of fibrills which arise at one end of a bacterium and spiral around the entire cell, provide "corkscrew" motility in spirochetes.

This corkscrew motility is a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move about by the help of special flagella or axial filament..

Pili - C. Usually found as one or two per cell, utilized to join bacteriato facilitate the exchange the genetic material though the process known as " "conjugation"

They are sometimes called "sex pili", in analogy to sexual reproduction, as these allow for the exchange of genes via the formation of "mating pairs".

Endospores - D. Highly durable, dehydrated cells with thick membrane/cell wall containing a copy of the cell DNA, primarily found among Gram +ve bacteria, highly resistant to dehydration, radiation, toxins etc.

The primary function of most endospores is to ensure the survival of a bacterium through periods of environmental stress.

Slime layer - E. Sticky polysaccharide and polypeptide layer found surrounding the cell, poorly organized and loosely attached, usually screted by a number of cells, not distinguishable to any one cell.

This layer can be easily removed by centrifugation.

Answer 14.

The essential difference between the experiments of Needham and Spallanzani are : Needham failed to heat his flask. Needham observed that the broth had become turbid with numerous microscopic entities. He argued that the new microbes must have arisen spontaneously. In reality, however, he likely did not boil the broth enough to kill all preexisting microbes.

Answer 15

Transition phase of cellular resppiration is always anaerobic.  Transition reaction is:

2 pyruvate + 2 NAD+ + 2 coenzyme A yields 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 CO2.

which does not happen in presence of oxygen.

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