2. (5 points) What is the difference between ribosomes attached to the rough ER
ID: 145469 • Letter: 2
Question
2. (5 points) What is the difference between ribosomes attached to the rough ER and those found in the cytoplasm? Explain 3. (10 points) Briefly discuss the function of the following organelles (a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), (b) rough ER, (c) mitochondria, (d) lysosomes, and (e) Golgi apparatus. 4. (5 points) What are the maximum moles of ATP that can be produced from one mole of glucose under the following circumstances: (a) aerobic conditions in eukaryotes and (d) aerobic conditions in prokaryotes? Explain any differences between these values.Explanation / Answer
Qno 2 ans
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
The whole RER is rough because it contains ribosomes
It is attached with the surfaces with the help of ribophorin
RER is attached with nuclear envelope
It facilitates the synthesis of protien, a reserve cell membranes and formation of lysosome enzymes
RER is lager in size
(b). Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
SER is smooth surfaces
Ribosomes are not attached with SER
It is a branching network of tubules and vesicle's
It maintain volume of cells and facilitate synthesis of protiens
SER is smooth in structure
Qno 3 ans
The functions of following organs are
(a) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum :- it facilitates synthesis of protiens folded correctly, maintain volume of cells at certain level.it synthesis lipid and steroids ,carbohydrate breakdown and regulating calcium level also causes detoxification of drugs and gluconeogenesis.
( b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
It facilitates the formation of cell membranes, protiens, and lysosome enzymes. It also maintain stability of call structure and retains extra cell membranes
(c) mitochondria
It is called power house of cell its prominent action is formation of ATP and regulating cell metabolism, it acts as storage of calcium ions,regulating cell membrane function, steroid synthesis and apotasis of cell
(d) lysosomes
It contains hydrolytic enzymes and act on waste disposal of cell and digests them.it break down polymers and fusing molecules with other organelles also it maintain pH of a cell.
(e) Golgi apparatus
It acts as major collection and dispatch station of protien products received from ER.it causes modifications of protiens glycolation of carbohydrate and phosphor floatation.it is involved in transportation of lipids and lysosome formation.
Qno 4 ans
(a) The maximum no of ATP molecules produced from one mole of glucose is 38 two molecules will be produced from glycolysis and 8 mol will be from Krebs cycle and 28 will be formed from electron transport chain.
(d) in aerobic conditions of prokaroytes 38 molecules are produced
The difference arise because two molecules are used by eukaryotes during activation of glucose molecules during glycolysis cycle.
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